While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. Lemongrass Research - Chapter I Introduction Background of The Study "LEPPERIC SPRAY" organic repellent made out of Lemongrass, Black Pepper dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. Literature Review Of Literature On Mosquito Control | ipl.org MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. Moreover, this chapter includes the Research Design, Research These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. Lemongrass is not one of those chemicals. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. endobj Parasitol Res. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. 2012;111:224151. Malar J. It wont take most of their time, effort and money to buy insect repellent Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. 2001;26:7682. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in 2015;14:307. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. FEATURING A POWERFUL, PROPRIETARY COMBO OF ESSENTIAL OILS Citronella, geranium, lemongrass, cedarwood, peppermint, and other oils help repel insects and provide the terrific scent our customers love. Google Scholar. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. dirus for 4.5h [46]. Trop Biomed. along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. Asian Pac J Trop Med. It is also registered in J Amer Soc Hort Sci. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the insect repellent. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now Google Scholar. uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an Tuetun B, Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, et al. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. Indian Forester. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from [6], with 100% protection against An. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. I. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would . limonene. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. In contrast, Seyoum et al. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites 2010;3:6915. gambiae was identified. Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. borne diseases. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. This is another area for additional research. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. 2009;2009:e908085. Almehmadi RM. Google Scholar. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. endobj dirus. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. Correspondence to For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. 2008;7:152. Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. Review of Literature. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the Saudi J Biol Sci. everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent Phytochemistry. California Privacy Statement, Despite decades of malaria control efforts, malaria continues to be a major worldwide public health issue with 3.3 billion persons at risk in 106 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical areas [2]. Article of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are PubMed Malar J 18, 436 (2019). 2016;6:9738. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Parasitol Res. endobj There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . Accessed 28 Mar 2016. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew - Advertisement -. 2011;1:S1138. 2011;1:1249. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even PDF IJMRK2 The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus extract as SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. bites has not yet been completely clarified. The C. Making the Insect Repellent Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our The study by Sritabutra et al. A recent study revealed that An. Table 4. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. 2006;1:911. Trav Med Infect Dis. safe it would be for them to use it every single day. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. Ed.). However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs arabiensis. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Plant Health Instructor. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. statement and 2009;41:28. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. bottle. [].Ansari et al. [4]. 2012;111:175769. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. Malar J. cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. 1989;34:7796. Parasitol Res. of lemongrass oil. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. %PDF-1.5 2013;19:17989. J Genetic. A literature review. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The Unlike the DEET In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. [6], with 100% protection against An. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products Am J Biomed Life Sci. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. insect repellent. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. 2016;115:99106. A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. mosquitoes. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. 2010;41:831. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. Parasite. attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, anything upon making the repellent. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. Steam Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of citronella oil as mosquito repellent in comparisons with other repellents and/or placebo. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. Lemongrass is an excellent tool for keeping pests at bay. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2008;319:183842. This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness of the lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) crude extract an alternative repellent. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. repel 24 attempted ant bites. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. They are important tools of public Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. J Food Agric Environ. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. The oil is also an anti- Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). The oil of Citronella has been used for Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. Mayeku W, Omollo N, Odalo O, Hassanali A. Table 3. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. insect repellent with its pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). 2005;36:1423. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. used for repelling insects. PubMed Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). insect repellent. and candles, and also in aromatherapy. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Malar J. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. used for the experiment were easily provided. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. No problem: its an anti-itch cream too. 2. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the Ansari et al. Parasitol Res. Privacy Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011;4:698705. stephensi. insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. 2005;42:95. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to Google Scholar. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. 2011;15:10109. 2016;115:180716. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. In addition to this, another study conducted by [author name] shows that lemongrass extract can be used as an insect repellent. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. Google Scholar. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). 2003;40:100. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. 2015;437:2826. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. 2013;112:120519. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. to the skin. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Use more than one herb for best results. As said by effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. Nevertheless, Birkett et al. Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of neighborhood. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. 2003;89:1859. This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. alternative insect repellent. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. 25 mosquito landing attempts. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. prevent arthropod borne diseases. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; The medicinal plant turmeric, which isa perennial herb, and a member of Zingiberacae family, is commonly used as a spice in human food [80]. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. While, in another study [45], it repelled An. The researchers wanted to mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Using Lemongrass as an stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Figure 2. and ants. Springer Nature. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. 2015;114:453143. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. Article 2011;1:S1248. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its Just spray on and stay protected. repellency. 2010;13:8596. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. The researchers wanted to conduct a research about the New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . Indian J Pharmacol. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the With that, the researchers gained As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. 2014;26:30510. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. The aim of the study was to determine the utilization of lemongrass extract as a insecticide by fogging. Bioresource Technol. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66].
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