Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. Was corruption now any less? the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. They came from a wide variety of backgrounds ranging from highly-educated professionals to former Civil War soldiers. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? RZhC 5. Would he or she feel anger over, anything? Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. In fact, African Americans took part in all the conventions and made up the majority of delegates in South Carolina. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream Compare Allende's description of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the narrator and Petrus in "Six Feet of the Country". Once you are finished, click the button below. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. B 9. Ex. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Who was it supposed to help? Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. HUn0+(cj , @X! If loading fails, click here to try again. As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? The next century would see African Americans continuing to fight for the legal rights they had been granted and were rightfully entitled to. (113M Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. While much progress could be seen in things like the exponential growth of railroads, even an optimistic reading of these barometers had to be tempered by an acknowledgement that doubling track mileage does not amount to much when the starting point was so low. In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. Explain your choice. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. Did it accomplish anything? Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. But charges of corruption were not limited to Grants administration. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ %PDF-1.5 % WebCompare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. Segregation of both the official and unofficial variety took root. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. What happened to black Also, this page requires javascript. Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. Essentially repudiating the 1857 Dred Scott decision, the amendment clearly states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. It provides for due process and equal protection under the law. As a result, the Democrats began using their newfound majority to roll back many of the social programs put in place during Reconstruction that were designed to aid the poor and African Americans. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in Expert Help. Yes, a few. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. Sharecropping. WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. Senators? Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. 109 0 obj <> endobj It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. there was corruption, but no more in the South than the North and no more than usual in the gov't, but Democrats kept this myth alive to keep power. Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. The vote in the Senate was thirtyfive to nineteen in favor of conviction, one short of the necessary twothirds majority. endstream endobj 114 0 obj <>stream Losing the Civil War meant that the South would have to conform to the laws of the United States. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' 2. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N- Many went to work in the mills. The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. You have not finished your quiz. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? 2 Third step is about monitoring of collections 3 Involves the evaluation of. WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; Take sample from your personal experience. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. the redeemers. hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. #;ou20/. It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance to the US before rejoining the Union, It prohibited Confederate officials and military leaders from voting or holding office. The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. This lesson plan will explore the social, economic and political conditions of the United States as Reconstruction drew to a close in the years leading up to the Compromise of 1877. follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. he was lincoln's vice president and a southern democrat. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? Under the Constitution, the House of Representatives acts as a grand jury in impeachment cases and determines whether there is enough evidence to bring an official to trial. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change Southern politics? Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d Tradesmen hoping to take advantage of the vast number of construction contracts being offered to rebuild the war-torn South. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army. Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. dzB;. It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. How did whites regain political control in the south? The government would pay farmers to grow specific crops that were particularly in demand. In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. (southern Democrats). universal male suffrage, Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. He antagonized the northern voters. In this D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( It was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? 0. 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` Why did white southerners move to take the vote away from blacks at the end of the century? These groups will take on the role of special investigative committees reporting to a Congressional committee examining the effects of Reconstruction. Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? But how much really changed? endstream endobj startxref He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War?
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