It is also a valuable resource for researchers, advocacy organizations and companies wishing to carry out risk assessments and engage in due diligence on labor rights in their supply chains. There is evidence that children ages 5 to 17 are engaged in the production of baked goods in El Salvador. We are confident that we are in compliance with our prohibition of forced labor policy.". There are reports that children produce tobacco in Zimbabwe. 1. Washington, DC 202101-866-4-USA-DOL, Combating Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Monitoring, Evaluation, Research and Learning, Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, List of Goods Produced By Child Labor or Forced Labor, List of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured Child Labor, Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), Identifying Goods Produced with Inputs Produced with Forced Labor or Child Labor (Webpage), Executive Order 13126 List of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured Child Labor, Against Their Will: The Situation in Xinjiang. ILAB accepts public submissions for the TVPRA List on an ongoing basis, and reviews them as they are received. This code is the basis for supplier selection and qualification. Sometimes children mine gold by themselves for sale on the black market. The countries on the List span every region of the world. View the list of submissions. "Our analysis has shown that the allegations made against PUMA, as they were made in the 'Uyghurs for Sale' report were incorrect. Based on analysis of the 2016 Cambodian Socio-Economic Survey, an estimated 59,693 children are involved in child labor in the production of bovines. She's thrilled to work alongside Dressember in their advocacy to spread awareness about modern-day slavery. Recent reports suggest that forced child labor has shifted from factories to home-based production and from urban to suburban areas, particularly in southern India. The release of this survey demonstrates the Government of Pakistans commitment to addressing child labor and its acknowledgement that data analysis is critical to the design and implementation of strong policies and programs. The survey indicates that more boys than girls are engaged in child labor producing sesame. On the other hand, they are showing their image of the Eco-friendly brand but still, child labor is being used in bulk. The release of this survey demonstrates the Government of Paraguays commitment to addressing child labor and its acknowledgement that data collection is vital to the design and implementation of sound policies and programs. 83 global companies and brands are directly or indirectly benefiting from the use of Uyghur forced laborers in these factories. There are reports that children ages 5 to 17 produce sugarcane in Cambodia. The ILO has found that generally, children who care for farm animals may be at risk of exposure to potential health consequences, including injuries from kicks and infections from animal bites and exposure to harmful bacteria. There are reports that children are forced to work cultivating rice in Mali, particularly along the Niger River and in the Segou region. While employers are legally required to provide food and medical care, workers are not provided with these services and must borrow money from their employer at high interest rates; workers are also sometimes charged for services they do not receive. This crime happens both in the United States and overseas. The ILO has found that generally children who work in agriculture may be at risk of exposure to hazards including, working long hours, carrying heavy loads, using dangerous tools, and exposure to the elements, physical injuries, and chemicals, such as pesticides. There is evidence that children ages 5 to 17 grow beans in Paraguay. Some of these children are forced to work as a guarantee for loans to their parents. U.S. imports of solar cells and modules totaled $8.2 billion last year, according to BloombergNEF, a research group. Although khat (Catha edulis) is legal in Ethiopia, the plant releases two highly addictive central nervous system stimulants cathinone and cathine whose acute and long-term neurological effects include khat-induced psychosis. Some children are forced to perform dangerous tasks, including carrying heavy loads, using machetes and sharp tools, and applying pesticides and fertilizers. Lets take a look at these industries: The agricultural industry is one of the most troubling industries where forced labor is rampant. Some men have been forced to fish for 20 to 22 hours a day, with little or no pay, and have been subjected to threats and severe physical abuse while at sea. Active 11. There are reports that children, mostly boys ages 7-17, are forced to produce embellished textiles in Nepal. There are reports that adults are forced to work in the production of coffee in Brazil. The survey estimates that 301,827 children ages 5 to 17 perform hazardous work in rural areas of Paraguay and indicates that children working in agriculture experience accidents and illnesses, including from using dangerous tools and handling chemicals. The survey estimates that 301,827 children ages 5 to 17 perform hazardous work in rural areas of Paraguay and indicates that children working in agriculture experience accidents and illnesses, including from using dangerous tools and handling chemicals. In 2021, an investigation by The Information found that seven of Apple's suppliers were linked to suspected forced labor of Uyghur Muslims and other persecuted groups. Based on an analysis of the survey, an estimated 12,325 child laborers are involved in fishing. There are reports that children as young as 9 produce footwear in Turkey. Some children are exposed to dye and toxic chemicals without protective equipment; and some are forced to work overtime, even when they are sick. After all, what good is a job if you arent getting paid? There are reports that children ages 5-17 are forced to work in the production of wolframite, or tungsten ore, in some mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A South Korean NGO reports that North Korean workers in the forestry sector work from 12 to 18 hours a day under growing debts incurred to pay bribes during the selection process. Child labor in this sector is concentrated in the rural areas of Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, and Shiselweni. More broadly, according to varied estimates, at least 100,000 to hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, and other Muslim minorities are being subjected to forced labor in China following detention in re-education camps. Based on the most recently available data from media sources, government raids, and NGOs, hundreds of cases of forced child labor have been reported in factories in Guangdong province, but the children are often from Henan, Shanxi, or Sichuan provinces. Some are not provided sufficient food and are physically abused. Approximately 42.5 percent, or 4,345, of these child laborers are under 15 years old, which is the minimum age for employment in Vietnam. Many of these victims report being recruited by middlemen, called enganchadores, that lie to workers about the nature and conditions of the work, wages, hours, and quality of living conditions. There are reports that children as young as 7 engage in illegal amber extraction in Ukraine. There are reports that children are forced by the military to work in the production of bricks in Burma. Diamond mines are concentrated in Koidu, Kenema, and Kono districts in the Eastern Province. There are reports that children ages 5 to 17 work in bovine raising in Ecuador. An NGO report and the media indicate that these children work as bonded laborers, often working alongside their parents and other family members in quarries and riverbeds across the country. According to international organizations, media sources, and the U.S. Department of State, numerous incidents of children quarrying and breaking stone have been reported across the country and most notably in the northeastern Karamoja region. There is evidence that children ages 5 to 17 raise hogs in Paraguay. What would you do? 12, CBP Issues Withhold Release Order on Palm Oil Produced by Forced Labor in Malaysia, CBP Modifies Withhold Release Order on Imports of Bone Black from Bonechar Carvo Ativado do Brasil Ltda, Withhold Release Orders & Findings Modified or Revoked. /*-->*/. There are reports that children ages 5-17 in Ghana are forced to work in the fishing industry, assisting primarily in the catching of tilapia, but also of such fish as mudfish, silverfish, catfish, latefish, and electric fish. Of the estimated 14,469 child laborers who grow cashews, 24.3 percent are 5-11 years old, 31.4 percent are 12-14 years old, and 44.3 percent are 15-17 years old. The release of this survey demonstrates the Government of Paraguays commitment to addressing child labor and its acknowledgement that data collection is vital to the design and implementation of sound policies and programs. April 16, 2021 at 5:00 am. Approximately 3,698 of these children in hazardous child labor are engaged in cattle raising. According to Human Rights Watch and local media reports, there are numerous cases of children working on tobacco farms in Zimbabwes northeastern provinces, including Mashonaland West, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, and Manicaland. "Also, in the JDI standard procurement contract, we prohibit all suppliers from using forced labor and also require the entire supply chain, including the second- and third-tier suppliers and contractors to the suppliers, to comply with JDI's CSR principles and confirm the status of this compliance. Approximately 89 percent of child laborers working in this sector, were involved in work that could be considered hazardous according to national legislation. The forced child laborers are not paid for their work, and face physical violence or other punishment if they refuse to work. The forced labor programs are described as student apprenticeships; however, the children report that they were forced to remain on the job and not allowed to return home. In Rajasthan, which produces 90 percent of Indias sandstone, boys and girls as young as age 6 or 7 work chiseling sandstone cobblestones, and boys ages 13 to 17 quarry sandstone. In many cases, children drop out of school to work on tobacco farms. Kenya law identifies cattle herding as a hazardous work activity for children. NGOs and media sources have documented hundreds of children working in mica across these states. Some children inherit the debt of their parents and may be bought and sold between contractors. Approximately 24 million people trafficked for labor are in bondage, working in an industry in which they receive little to no pay. "Independent 3rd party audits are regularly conducted on all system facilities as well as our direct and authorized suppliers globally. Tariff Act to Combat Forced Labor in Supply Chains, may be used to help the trade community strengthen petitions to CBP, and is one of several suggested toolsto combat forced labor. These children typically work in Addis Ababa, however many come from the south, including Gamo Gofa and Wolaita zones, some of them as victims of trafficking. In 2020, the company said it would "cease all business relationships with any factories and mills that produce garments or fabric, or use cotton grown, in Xinjiang within the next 12 months.". Evidence of child labor has been found in Batouri and Kambele, near the border with the Central African Republic. The children are typically sent to the fields after class hours. There is evidence that children under the age of 14 work in the production of electronics in Pakistan. According to the survey, almost 13 percent of Paraguayan children engaged in child labor in agriculture do not attend school. According to the survey, almost 13 percent of Paraguayan children engaged in child labor in agriculture do not attend school. How are Modifications and Revocations Processed? The survey indicates that more boys than girls are engaged in child labor in cattle raising. The Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) maintains a list of goods and their source countries which it has reason to believe are produced by child labor or forced labor in violation of international standards, as required under the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2005 and subsequent reauthorizations. Earlier this year, an Adidas spokesperson told The Guardian the company "sources cotton exclusively from other countries and takes a variety of measures to ensure fair and safe working conditions in its supply chain.". According to international organizations, NGOs, and the U.S. Department of State, many children are forced to work, often with their families, under conditions of bonded labor. Based on an analysis of the Pakistan Labour Force Survey 2017 2018, an estimated 45,699 children are involved in child labor in the production of textiles. .manual-search-block #edit-actions--2 {order:2;} Starbucks lists coffees from countries such as Guatamala, Kenya, Costa Rica and Panama; however, none of these single-sourced coffees are certified by them as "Fair Trade." Rather, they are all regions that are known to use child labor. These children are held against their will on isolated farms, are locked in their living quarters at night, and are threatened and beaten if they attempt to escape. There is evidence that children ages 5 to 17 grow carrots in Paraguay. According to the ILO and NGOs, forced child labor is pervasive, particularly in Karen, Shan, and Arakan States near military camps, with children constituting up to 40 percent of forced laborers being used for a variety of activities, including the production of bamboo. Reports indicate that conditions of work in the garment industry are often poor, with crowded, informal workshops often lacking proper ventilation and reaching high temperatures in the summer. Many are forced to work under threat of physical violence. The release of this survey demonstrates the Government of El Salvadors commitment to addressing child labor and its acknowledgement that data collection is vital to the design and implementation of sound policies and programs. Sometimes identity papers and wages are withheld as a means to restrict freedom of movement. The release of this survey demonstrates the Government of Colombias commitment to addressing child labor and its acknowledgment that data collection is vital to the design and implementation of sound policies and programs. The release of this survey demonstrates the Government of Brazils commitment to addressing child labor and its acknowledgement that data collection is vital to the design and implementation of sound policies and programs. In compliance with UN Security Council Resolution 2397, Russia announced its intention in 2017 to cease issuing or renewing work visas for North Korean workers. Forced labor often occurs on fishing vessels operating in Indonesian territorial waters, especially around the remote island ports of Benjina and Ambon. Some children work to pay off advance payments for their labor made by the employer to the recruiter or their families. CBP implementsSection 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. Moreover, child laborers are unable to attend school and they work long nights. Factory owners often recruit certain boys to work on one- or two-year contracts, paying an advance to their parents for the boys' labor. Prada. Some end up in conditions of bonded labor, in debt for fees that were charged for transport to Argentina, and are prohibited from leaving their workplaces for years until the debt is paid through wage deductions. Children are primarily found mining in the major mica-producing states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Rajasthan, often in lieu of attending school. The survey estimates that 301,827 children ages 5 to 17 perform hazardous work in rural areas of Paraguay and indicates that children working in agriculture experience accidents and illnesses, including from using dangerous tools and handling chemicals. There are reports that children ages 7 to 17 harvest potatoes in Lebanon. Approximately 67,141 child laborers raising cattle are below the minimum age for employment in Paraguay. There is evidence that children ages 5 to 17 grow yerba mate (stimulant plant) in Paraguay. The ILO has found that generally children who work in agriculture may be at risk of exposure to hazards including, working long hours, carrying heavy loads, using dangerous tools, and exposure to the elements, physical injuries, and chemicals, such as pesticides. In particular, workers in spinning mills in the state of Tamil Nadu are often recruited using deception about working conditions and wages. There are reports that children are forced to engage in pornography in Russia. The List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor comprises 159 goods from 78 countries and areas, as of September 28, 2022. The survey considers a working child to be engaged in child labor if the child is below the minimum age for employment of 14 or the child is performing work that is hazardous according to national legislation. The 2020 Australian Strategic Policy Institute report identified Uniqlo among the companies that could have directly or indirectly benefited from forced labor in China. There are reports that mostly girls as young as 11 are forced to produce garments in Thailand. The majority of these workers are recruited overseas, mostly from Indonesia and the Philippines, by agencies that sometimes deceive workers with false information regarding their wages and the terms of the contracts, and require the workers to pay recruitment fees and sign debt contracts. There are reports that children as young as age 9 produce sugarcane in Zimbabwe. Many of the largest global producers of photovoltaic ingots and wafers, solar cells, and solar modules directly source polysilicon from entities believed to use forced labor in its production. Areas of particular concern for children working in quarries include the northeastern Karamoja region and Central Uganda. How Companies Profit From Forced Labor in Xinjiang. With a great need for cheap labor, hospitality venues perpetuate the business by forcing employees to complete extreme tasks under little protection and with little compensation. Some of the children sleep at the worksites, held in captivity and isolation, and are not provided with sufficient food. Of the estimated 5,933 child laborers who grow tea, 13.2 percent are 5-11 years old, 9.7 percent are 12-14 years old, and 77.1 percent are 15-17 years old. Based on an analysis by international organizations of the Government of Costa Ricas National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2011, published in 2015, 8.8 percent of child laborers in the country, or approximately 1,422 children ages 5-14, were in child labor in coffee production in Costa Rica. There is evidence that children ages 5 to 17 are engaged in fishing in Paraguay. "Bosch is committed to ensuring that its products are not produced wholly or in part by forced labor. The survey estimates that 17,670 child laborers grow sesame throughout rural areas in Paraguay. Based on the Government of Vietnams National Child Labor Survey 2012, the results of which were published in 2014, an estimated 6,049 child laborers work in textile production, mainly in the fabrication and finishing stages of the process. Through this certification process we learned that we obtained a de minimis amount of cotton yarn from one supplier who has ties to the XUAR. In addition to this, poor workers in rural areas may also experience coercion without detention. 117-78), also known as the UFLPA, directs the Forced Labor Enforcement Task Force to develop a strategy for supporting enforcement of the prohibition on the importation of goods into the United States manufactured wholly or in part with forced labor in the People's Republic of China, especially from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region . Based on an analysis of the survey, an estimated 17,049 child laborers cultivate corn. Media outlets report hundreds of children work in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) throughout Nigeria, causing them to abandon school. Several Apple suppliers may have used forced labor in China, according to The Information.Working with two human rights groups, the publication identified seven companies that supplied products or . Children of the lower castes, socially disadvantaged classes in India, are particularly vulnerable. Based on the analysis of Ecuadors 2019 National Survey of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment, an estimated 9,434 children under the minimum age for work are involved in child labor in poultry raising. There are reports that children as young as age 12 produce gold in Kenya. Approximately 40,675 of these children in hazardous child labor are engaged in the production of cereal grains. In many cases, children drop out of school to dig and shovel sand in and along rivers and load and unload sand onto and from large trucks. .h1 {font-family:'Merriweather';font-weight:700;} Tariff Act to Combat Forced Labor in Supply Chains, CBP Timelines and Investigative Benchmarks for Forced Labor Petitions. Wrong. The children live at the worksite and face isolation and restrictions on their movement. The survey considers a working child to be engaged in child labor if the child is below the minimum age for employment of 14 or the child is performing work that is hazardous according to national legislation. The 2020 Australian Strategic Policy Institute report also identified Calvin Klein among the companies that could have directly or indirectly benefited from forced labor in China. @media (max-width: 992px){.usa-js-mobile-nav--active, .usa-mobile_nav-active {overflow: auto!important;}} Further, some workers have been subject to military-style management, government indoctrination, and are paid below the minimum wage. There are reports that adults are forced to produce textiles in China. Many companies have challenged their inclusion in these reports, while others say they have taken steps in recent years to improve their supply chains. "L Brands has a strict policy against the use of forced labor of any kind and will only work with suppliers that share our commitment to ethical and responsible business practices," the statement said. ILAB has reason to believe that lithium-ion batteries manufactured in China are produced with an input produced with child labor, specifically cobalt ore mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). "After finding the report, we immediately conducted a fact-finding investigation, but did not find evidence that those suppliers were involved in the forced labor. According to an assessment by the ILO, as many as 500,000 stone quarry workers, including entire families, in Tamil Nadu were bonded laborers. They frequently have their identity documents confiscated by their employers. In these cases, school officials mobilize classes to work in the harvest and teachers supervise them in the fields. The ILO has found that generally, children who care for farm animals may be at risk of exposure to potential health consequences, including infections from animal bites and exposure to harmful bacteria. Approximately 26.4 percent, or 675, of the total number of child laborers who grow tobacco are 5-11 years old, while 73.6 percent, or 1,880, are 15-17 years old. ILAB has reason to believe that multiple palm oil products produced in Indonesia are made with an input using child labor and forced labor, specifically palm fruit harvested in Indonesia. There is evidence that children ages 14 to 17 cultivate sugarcane in Brazil. Some children work under a system of debt bondage. These children work in small informal mines that are located in remote rural areas and mostly operate on a seasonal basis. "There was no part of the car we researched that was untainted by. A stack of assignments is on your desk, so you prepare yourself for a long day. and its Subsidiaries. Landlords charge these tenant workers for costs such as rent, fertilizer, and seeds; these costs often exceed the profit earned from the tobacco harvest and result in debt for the worker and his or her family. The 2020 report from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute said Apple's suppliers in China had used thousands of Uyghurs across four factories for labor as part of a forced relocation program. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Issues of forced labor also affect the manufacturing, or garment business. The release of this survey demonstrates the Government of Eswatinis commitment to addressing child labor and its acknowledgement that data collection is vital to the design and implementation of sound policies and programs. September 4, 2019. The indicators listed below were developed by the International Labour Organization. The children, beginning between ages 12 and 14, are forced to work in hazardous conditions digging, breaking rocks, transporting, washing, and pounding the gold, including work underground in narrow shafts. BYD is an industry leader in corporate responsibility and enforces rigorous oversight of its entire supply chain. Forced child labor is found in the Thaton District, and particularly in areas near military camps. Based on an analysis of the survey, an estimated 65,775 child laborers raise poultry. Other sources report that cases of child labor in garment manufacturing have been found in Puebla. Long hours in the sun with minimal protection can result in persistent health concerns including eye infections, skin irritation and diseases, and respiratory illnesses. Children of scheduled castes, a socially disadvantaged class in India, and migrant children, are particularly vulnerable. Based on the analysis of Ecuadors 2019 National Survey of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment, an estimated 5,218 children under the minimum age for work are involved in child labor in hog raising. Their work involves blasting rocks with dynamite and digging to extract coal in deep narrow shafts below ground. The survey estimates that 301,827 children ages 5 to 17 perform hazardous work in rural areas of Paraguay and indicates that children working in agriculture experience accidents and illnesses, including from using dangerous tools and handling chemicals. There are reports that children are involved in cattle-raising activities in Kenya. There are reports that children ages 10-16 are forced to work in the production of gold in some mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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