In Red Notice, art thieves Nolan Booth (Ryan Reynolds) and the Bishop (Gal Gadot) pursue the three legendary bejeweled eggs that originally belonged to the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra, while the FBI Profiler John Hartley (Dwayne Johnson) pursue the two thieves. Berggreen-Merkel said that transparency and progress are the urgent priorities, and that the confirmed Raubkunst was being put up on the governments Lost Art Database Web site as quickly as possible. Perhaps the 13 years since Lohses death needed to pass for the author to view him with detachment. Hundreds are still missing. For instance, there was a painting by the Bulgarian artist Jules Pascin. Cornelius has a chronic heart condition, which his doctor says has been acting up now more than usual, because of all the excitement. 2023 Cinemaholic Inc. All rights reserved. Then, on February 10, Austrian authorities found approximately 60 more pieces, including paintings by Monet, Renoir, and Picasso, in Corneliuss Salzburg house. In anger, he threw the watch against the wall, breaking it into pieces. Germany steps up fight against child obesity, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Biden thanks Scholz for 'profound' German support on Ukraine, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas. In the 400-page biography, Hoffmann recounts how Gurlitt worked to achieve the highest possible profit for the Nazis in his art deals. Hildebrand Gurlitt applied for a job in what was advertised as Department IX of the Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. RUDOLF HESS: DEPUTY TO ADOLF HITLER 18941987. What could have brought his country to its knees? Chancellor Angela Merkels office was inundated with complaints and declined to make a statement about an ongoing investigation. His subsequent position as head of the Kunstverein in Hamburg was also short-lived. Other works Hildebrand picked up at distress sales at the Drouot auction house, in Paris. It took till September 2011, a full year after the incident on the train, for a judge to issue a search warrant for Gurlitts apartment, on the grounds of suspected tax evasion and embezzlement. Many of their tragic human stories are told here. The total collapse of Germany. Under Nazi laws forbidding Jews from holding civil-servant positions, Glaser was pushed out as director of the Prussian State Library in 1933. The story began in 2012 when an old man called Cornelius Gurlitt was accused of tax evasion by the authorities in Augsburg. He wanted avant-garde art to play its part in bringing about a social revolution. He withdrew to his studio in North Germany and, living in isolation, devoted himself to painting 1,300 watercolours on very small sheets of paper. Hitler's Art Thief is a detailed history of Cornelius Gurlitt and the massive collection of art that his father illegally obtained during the Nazi Era. ASIDE FROM his out-of-the-ordinary relationships, Hitler had developed a porn-addiction beginning in 1933. Do all these works have something in common then to our eye now? How could the German government have been so callous as to withhold this information for a year and a half, and to divulge it only when forced to by the Focus story? He spent the last twenty years of his life in England, setting up the Art of Movement Studio in Manchester and refining his movement theories. In 1960, Helene sold four paintings from her late husbands collection, one of them a portrait of Bertolt Brecht by Rudolf Schlichter, and bought two apartments in an expensive new building in Munich. 'Oh, the work was probably a little sketchy and modern looking' Perhaps nothing more than that then. He died impoverished in 1937. Go to Artist page. "That's when I started to think about publishing something on Hildebrand Gurlitt," recalled the author. The only answer was to cosy up to the regime. Now people are asking: what has it achieved, and where do we go from here? Adolf Hitler's art collection was a large accumulation of paintings which he gained before and during the events of WWII. He listed how each of them had come into his possession, and, according to Der Spiegel, falsified the provenance of the ones that were stolen or acquired under duress. Meanwhile, the collection remained in Garching, with no one the wiser, until word of its existence was leaked to Focus, a German newsweekly, possibly by someone who had been in Corneliuss apartment, perhaps one of the police or the movers who were there in 2012, because he or she provided a description of its interior. When the police and customs and tax officials entered Gurlitts 1,076-square-foot apartment, they found an astonishing trove of 121 framed and 1,285 unframed artworks, including pieces by Picasso, Matisse, Renoir, Chagall, Max Liebermann, Otto Dix, Franz Marc, Emil Nolde, Oskar Kokoschka, Ernst Kirchner, Delacroix, Daumier, and Courbet. Mary K. Jacob. Lohse became Grings agent in Paris, charged with helping Adolf Hitlers number two to amass his vast store of stolen art. My great-grandfather, Paul Byk, was a Jewish art dealer who lived and worked in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s, and he was extremely lucky to . Gurlitt acquired many works for that fantasy museum. He must not be a happy man, having lived a lie for so many years, Nana Dix, the granddaughter of the Degenerate artist Otto Dix, said to me about Cornelius. Hildebrand Gurlitt was described as an art dealer from Hamburg with connections within high-level Nazi circles who was one of the official agents for Linz but who, being partly Jewish, had problems with the party and used Theo Hermssena well-known figure in the Nazi art worldas a front until Hermssen died in 1944. As reported in Der Spiegel, over a period of three days, Gurlitt was instructed to sit and watch quietly as officials packed the pictures and took them all away. Regardless of this awkward friendship, Grings Man in Paris is far from a whitewash. He is an embarrassment. (14.01.2016), Since 2013, a task force, soon to be disbanded, has sought to clarify ownership of the artwork found in Cornelius Gurlitt's apartment. Hitler's phone, which . Adolf Hitler was an artista modern artist, at thatand Nazism was a movement shaped by his aesthetic sensibility. The Silesian Bridge foundation, a non-for-profit body set up to find Nazi loot, are seeking to uncovered 10 tonnes of gold believed to have come from the Reichsbank and from a Polish police quarters. He got involved in all kinds of high-risk, high-reward wheeling and dealing, like the wealthy dealer in Paris buying art from fleeing Jews whom Alain Delon played in the 1976 movie Monsieur Klein. In contrast to all other Western dictators except Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler was genuinely obsessed with art. Rudolph Zeich, Hitler's art and antiquities dealer, left Germany for Argentina with 16 five-ton shipping containers filled with all the treasures that the Nazis gathered during their reign of terror. Sign up here for features, exclusive extracts, author interviews and art world recommendations sent straight to your inbox. And yet even as he denounced it, he was also dealing in it to his own financial advantage. Only Picasso expressed himself as masterfully in so many styles: Expressionism, Cubism, Dadaism, Impressionism, abstract, grotesque hyper-realism. In 1925, when Geli was just 17 years old, Adolf Hitler invited her mother Angela to become the . As Hitler came to power, in 1933, he declared merciless war on cultural disintegration. He ordered an aesthetic purge of the entartete Knstler, the degenerate artists, and their work, which to him included anything that deviated from classic representationalism: not only the new Expressionism, Cubism, Dadaism, Fauvism, futurism, and objective realism, but the salon-acceptable Impressionism of van Gogh and Czanne and Matisse and the dreamy abstracts of Kandinsky. Hitler dictated the book to Rudolf Hess, with whom he was serving a prison sentence for high treason after the Munich Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, Hitler and the young Nazi party's failed. the latter eventually tells the Bishop that the last egg is in a secret chamber inside the Great Pyramid in Egypt. Though Adolf Hitler was without a doubt a vicious, inhumane leader, it seems he had one weakness in life: his half-niece, Geli Raubal. Photograph: Photo 12/Universal Images Group/Getty Images. Triumph of the Will (German: Triumph des Willens) is a 1935 propaganda film chronicling the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg.The film contains excerpts of speeches given by Nazi leaders at the Congress, including Adolf Hitler, Rudolf Hess and Julius Streicher, interspersed with footage of massed Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) troops and public reaction. The relationship between Booth and his father became strained after the latter erroneously accused Booth of stealing his wristwatch. Glaser and his wife, Elsa, were major supporters, collectors, and influential cognoscenti of the art of the Weimar period, and friends with Matisse and Kirchner. It was all to no avail. But, according to newspaper reports, there was little record of his existence in Munich or anywhere in Germany. To revist this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. All you have proved is that six of these works have been looted! The son of a Budapest rabbi, Nordau saw the alarming rise in anti-Semitism as another indication that European society was degenerating, a point that seems to have been lost on Hitler, whose racist ideology was influenced by Nordaus writings. His actions fundamentally and permanently altered the West's cultural landscape. He became one of four art dealers to work for the Nazi regime. Eva Braun, (born February 6, 1912, Munich, Germanydied April 30, 1945, Berlin), mistress and later wife of Adolf Hitler. Lohse became Gring's agent in Paris, charged with helping Adolf Hitler's number two to amass his vast store of stolen art. The art dealer Peter Jahn, who later searched for Hitler's artwork on behalf of the NSDAP, attested to the extremely good relationship between Hitler and Morgenstern. Hoffmann called his work there the "Wiedergutmachung" - or compensation of the Classical Modern. Once they are inside, Booth and Hartley discover that the chamber is filled with precious items, and searching for the third egg in there will be akin to looking for a needle in a haystack. Sign up for our essential daily brief and never miss a story. His grandmother was Jewish, which qualified him as a quarter Jewish - enough to draw the scorn of the Nazis. As an "official dealer" for Hitler and Goebbels, Hildebrand Gurlitt became one of the Third Reich's most prolific art looters. Empty cart. Hildebrand Gurlitt applied for a job in what was advertised as Department IX of the Ministry for Public Enlightenment and. Did not Jung describe the works of Picasso as pathological in 1932? The Rosenberg heirs have its bill of sale from 1923 and have filed a claim for it with the chief prosecutor. He acquired one masterpieceMatisses Seated Woman (1921)that Paul Rosenberg, the friend and dealer of Picasso, Braque, and Matisse, had left in a bank vault in Libourne, near Bordeaux, before he fled to America, in 1940. There were strict private-property-rights, invasion-of-privacy, and other legal issues, starting with the fact that Germany has no law preventing an individual or an institution from owning looted art. Germany suddenly had an international image crisis on its hands and was looking at major litigation. But all forms were targeted in his aesthetic cleansing campaign. Hildebrand had a Nazi colleague, Baron Gerhard von Plnitz, who had helped him and another art dealer, Karl Haberstock, put deals together when von Plnitz was in the Luftwaffe and stationed in Paris. But these tortuous events, described in the book, compelled Petropoulos to step down as the director of the centre for Holocaust studies at Claremont McKenna College, California, in 2008. Un-German books like the works of Kafka, Freud, Marx, and H. G. Wells were burned; jazz and other atonal music was verboten, although this was less rigidly enforced. Later in 1945, Baron von Plnitz was arrested and the Gurlitts were joined by more than 140 emaciated, traumatized survivors of the concentration camps, most of them under 20. Share Article topics Art Crime Kate Brown Europe Editor He would have the official Nazi photographer supply him with pornographic films and play . Cornelius was actually the third Cornelius, after his composer great-great-uncle and his grandfather, a Baroque-art and architectural historian who wrote nearly 100 books and was the father of his father, Hildebrand. But they proceeded cautiously. Wounds have been torn open. The artistic backgrounds of Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goering are examined, along with the Nazi art looting organisations, and Nazi endeavours to censor and manipulate the arts. The author Jonathan Petropoulos with Lohse on the occasion of their first meeting in Munich in June 1998. That is why the works on these walls were so dangerous, because they had the power, in Hitler's opinion, to deprave the human spirit. In 1956, Hildebrand was killed in a car crash. He resumed his dad's story and brought his father's prized watch into the conversation. 1-20 out of 20 LOAD MORE. He set himself up as an art dealer in Munich to supplement the benefits he received from the German government as a former prisoner of war. He left Munich two days before the appointment and returned the day after and had made the hotel reservation months ahead of time, posting the typed request, signed with a fountain pen. At the Bundeskunsthalle in Bonn, we see a much broader range of works from the Gurlitt trove altogether, from Durer and Holbein to Monet, Degas and Picasso. Even more interesting, according to Der Spiegel, the money from the sale was split roughly 6040 with the heirs of Jewish art dealer Alfred Flechtheim, who had had modern-art galleries in several German cities and Vienna in the 1920s. Before and after the Second World War, he had championed the cause of modern art that he was complicit in denouncing during the years of the Reich. Too much has been lost. At about nine P.M. on September 22, 2010, the high-speed train from Zurich to Munich passed the Lindau border, and Bavarian customs officers came aboard for a routine check of passengers. He rarely traveledhe had gone to Paris, once, with his sister years ago. Its contents included Le Quai Malaquais, Printemps (1903), a painting by Camille Pissarro that the Jewish family from whom it had been looted in Vienna had been trying to trace for 70 years. The subject of looted art and restitution to its rightful owner remains a topic of agonised, burdensome debate in Germany even to this day. Skilled art dealers were sought for the Nazis' newly founded business. The works that were suitable to the Fhrers taste were shipped to Germany. In the basement of the Kunstmuseum Bern, 150 of the 1,500 works in the Gurlitt estate have gone on display, all examples of what Hitler and his cronies characterised as 'degenerate art'. The dull green metal plan chest in which they were once stored, all fifteen drawers of it, faces us as we enter, utterly humdrum. fifa 21 world cup career mode; 1205 n 10th pl, renton, wa 98057; suelos expansivos ejemplos; jaripeo sacramento 2021; mobile homes for rent san marcos, tx; A dolf Hitler is considered one of the most infamous and disliked individuals in history. The artists were culturally Judeo-Bolshevik, and the whole modern-art scene was dominated by Jewish dealers, gallery owners, and collectors. In 1938, they recognized the financial potential of these masterpieces and, instead of simply exhibiting them in the name of propaganda, they decided to sell them abroad and fill their pockets with the revenues. (14.01.2016), Many Nazi-looted artworks were suspected among the Gurlitt art collection, the most significant discovery of its kind. After his fathers death, Booth found that watch inside one of his fathers desk drawers. The second egg is in the private collection of arms dealer Sotto Voce (Chris Diamantopoulos) Valencia, Spain. Paintings by Adolf Hitler: 40 Rarely Seen Artworks Painted by the Fhrer From the 1910s May 10, 2017 1900s, 1910s, celebrity & famous people, Germany, work of art Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party in Germany in the years leading up to and during World War II, was also a painter. Adolf Hitler, byname Der Fhrer (German: "The Leader"), (born April 20, 1889, Braunau am Inn, Austriadied April 30, 1945, Berlin, Germany), leader of the Nazi Party (from 1920/21) and chancellor (Kanzler) and Fhrer of Germany (1933-45). He claimed that the rest of his collection had to be left behind and was also destroyed. What was Hitler's view of art? Rudolf Hess stands in the background. Haberstock was described on the O.S.S.s red-flag name list as the leading Nazi art dealer, the most prolific German buyer in Paris, and regarded in all quarters as the most important German art figure. He had been involved in the campaign against Degenerate Art from 1933 to 1939 and in 1936 had become Hitlers personal dealer. What you are seeing here are the crippled products of madness, impertinence, and lack of talent, Adolf Ziegler, the president of the Reich Chamber of Visual Arts, in Munich, and curator of the Degenerate Art show, said at its opening. August 11, 2002. Jonathan Petropoulos first met Lohse in 1998, when the dealer was 87. Hermann Gring and Bruno Lohse looking at a book on Rembrandt in the Jeu de Paume Archives des Muses Nationaux/Archives Nationales. They hid themselves away, consumed by an inner darkness. Lohses devotion and loyalty to Gring remained undiminished until the end of his life. Art dealer Rudolf Budja has listed his delightful waterfront Florida home for $29 million. An international task force, under the Berlin-based Bureau of Provenance Research and led by the retired deputy to Germanys commissioner for culture and media, Ingeborg Berggreen-Merkel, was appointed to take over the task. He protested with great violence. 'Gurlitt Status Report: Nazi Art Theft and its Consequences', Bundeskunsthalle, Bonn until 11 March 2018; 'Gurlitt Status Report: Degenerate Art: confiscated and sold', Museum of Fine Arts, Bern, until 11 March 2018, Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. It was the greatest art theft in history: 650,000 works looted from Europe by the Nazis, many of which were never recovered. He hadnt watched television since 1963. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. Adolf Hitler passed an animal rights law. Hildebrand was permitted to acquire degenerate works himself, as long as he paid for them in hard foreign currency, an opportunity that he took full advantage of. Like Hitler, he wanted to re-build the reputation of Germany as a nation of culture. Hitler's phone, 'the most destructive 'weapon' of all time,' sold for $243,000. Hildebrand Gurlitt himself was a tissue of contradictions, an opportunist. It was all Jewish Bolshevik art. But after the Nazis rose to power and banned art they considered "degenerate" - mainly innovative, Modern pieces - he mixed politics with business. It is easy for a modern person to condemn the sellouts in a world that was so inconceivably compromised and horrible. Or a triple life, because at the same time he was also amassing a fortune in artworks. After the war, with his collection largely intact, Hildebrand moved to Dsseldorf, where he continued to deal in artworks. Even today, to be reading Mein Kampf on the upper deck of a clean and orderly public train one dark November night in Germany, feels a little staining, as if one's very finger ends might just turn an accusatory yellow. He therefore perjured himself by dealing in and disposing of works which Hitler condemned as degenerate, which were snatched in their thousands from public museums, and looted from the homes of Jewish collectors. One of the paintings on the site, the most valuable found in Corneliuss apartmentwith an estimated value of $6 million to $8 million (although some experts estimate it could go for as much as $20 million at auction)is the Matisse stolen from Paul Rosenberg. 'It was an ideological impulse.' It took me a little while to get through this book as it was a little dry in sections and is the sort of book you need . Every time he stepped out of his building, microphones were thrust in his face and cameras started to roll. It's on the house. During the Third Reich, he had amassed a large collection of Raubkunst, much of it from Jewish dealers and collectors. The pieces are still in a warehouse in a sort of limbo. Nobody had given Cornelius a second glance, but now he was a celebrity. The book describes in meticulous detail how this dashing SS officer, living a life of luxury with a chauffeur-driven car in Paris, organised 18 exhibitions of looted art for Gring at the Jeu de Paume, helped him commandeer more than 700 paintings from the ERR, and acquired many more from other dubious sources. There is nothing in German law compelling Cornelius to give them back. After being mobbed by paparazzi, he spent 10 days in his empty apartment without leaving it. The third egg was among them. Hildebrand Gurlitt's life story is the focus of art historian Meike Hoffmann's research. He studied art history at the University of Cologne and took courses in music theory and philosophy, but for unknown reasons he broke off his studies. The old man produced an Austrian passport that said he was Rolf Nikolaus Cornelius Gurlitt, born in Hamburg in 1932. With John Cusack, Noah Taylor, Leelee Sobieski, Molly Parker. From among the confiscated works, he "picked out masterpieces because he knew that these artists had international market value and that he could distinguish himself right away by making a big profit," according to Hoffmann. In 1937, Joseph Goebbels, the Reich minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, seeing the opportunity "to make some money from this garbage," created a commission to confiscate degenerate. The loss of his pictures, he told zlem Gezer, Der Spiegels reporterit was the only interview he would granthit him harder than the loss of his parents, or his sister, who died of cancer in 2012. Bruno Lohse, with SS insignia on his sweater, an unknown colleague and two women in occupied Paris. The Art Newspapers Book Club shines a light on art books in their myriad forms and brings you exclusive extracts, interviews and recommendations from leading art world figures. "A number of them were certainly acquired for personal reasons, but most of them are the leftovers that he was not able to sell to German museums," said the author. Once he came to power in Germany, the Nazi leader and all who followed him were responsible for millions of deaths, as well as the mass theft of valuable artworks. Hitler was eighteen years old when, in 1908, he moved from Linz and took up residence in Vienna. It is unclear whether the law requires or enables the government to return the art to its rightful owners, or whether it needs to be returned to Cornelius on the grounds of an illegal seizure or under the protection of the statute of limitations. They went into exile. Between 1951 and 1955 Royal Welch Fusiliers Sergeant Major Colin Lambert was detailed to guard Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess, during his life-long sentence at Spandau Prison in Berlin. The 'Munich Art Hoard', as it became known, was immediately suspected of being looted during the Nazi era, not least because Cornelius's father was the celebrated art historian and dealer . But the Nazis reneged on the deal. Together with "Tagesspiegel" journalist Nicola Kuhn, she recently published his biography in German, titled "Hitlers Knsthndler," or "Hitler's Art Dealer. For the last 45 years, he seems to have had almost no contact with anybody, apart from his sister, until her death, two years ago, and his doctor, reportedly in Wrzburg, a small city three hours from Munich by train, whom he went to see every three months. To date it has posted 458 works and announced that about 590 of the trove of what has been adjusted to 1,280due to multiples and setsmay have been looted from Jewish owners. After Allied bombers obliterated the center of Dresden, in February 1945, it was clear that the Third Reich was finished. This catalogue contains entries on fifteenth- and sixteenth . 'There is no logical explanation because it was not logical,' Nina Zimmer, the formidable director of the Bern museum tells me through the manufactured allure of her brilliantly powerful red lipstick. Long before he rose to become a ruthless dictator, the Nazi leader was a struggling young artist. But he was also quietly acquiring forbidden art at bargain prices from Jews fleeing the country or needing money to pay the devastating capital-flight tax and, later, the Jewish wealth levy. What fascinates us above all things else is the realisation that Hitler, a poor artist himself, took art so seriously, that he believed in its power to transform human lives. As examples of this degeneracy, Nordau singled out some of his personal btes noires: the Parnassians, the Symbolists, and the followers of Ibsen, Wilde, Tolstoy, and Zola. Hitler believed that art should be elevating, noble, in tune with the aristocratic principle. Suspected as Nazi-looted art, many of the pieces were confiscated by the police. The commissions work culminated in the Degenerate Art show that year, which opened in Munich a day after The Great German Art Exhibition of approved blood and soil pictures that inaugurated the monumental, new House of German Art, on Prinzregentenstrasse. Menu Hitler regarded himself as an artist first and a politician second. Rudolf Hess. List of all 20 artworks by Adolf Hitler. Aschbach Castle had been made into a displaced-persons camp. In the books prologue, he asserts: For me, our meetings were strictly fact-finding missions I do not want to give the impression that I befriended him or in any way seem to whitewash his deeds. By the epilogue, he has apparently changed his mind. In it, he postulated that some of the new art and literature that was appearing in fin de sicle Europe was the product of diseased minds. That seems unlikely. After all, how could anybody have filed claims for Corneliuss pictures if their existence was unknown? After finding out about the coordinates, Booth had the watch repaired. My Blog. Hildebrand got a 5 percent commission on each transaction. To this date, Cornelius has not been charged with any crime, bringing into question the legality of the seizurewhich was probably not covered by the search warrant under which authorities entered his apartment. . A Nuremberg Law of 1935 had characterised and therefore condemned him as a 'second-degree half-caste'. He was a German cultural idealist. He was a close adviser to Hitler and one of the chief proponents of the "Final Solution." After the close of World War II,. Hildebrand Gurlitt, spinning his heroic narrative in an unpublished six-page essay he wrote in 1955, a year before his death, said, These works have meant for me the best of my life. He recalled his mother taking him to the Bridge schools first show, at the turn of the century, a seminal event for Expressionism and modern art, and how these barbaric, passionately powerful colors, this rawness, enclosed in the poorest of wooden frames were like a slap in the face to the middle class. "Even today, nearly all of the museum archives in Germany, but also in Switzerland, France and England, contain Hildebrand Gurlitt's correspondence because he maintained such intensive contact with all the museums at the time," Hoffmann told DW. As reported by the German newsweekly Der Spiegel, while making his way down the aisle, one of the officers came upon a frail, well-dressed, white-haired man traveling alone and asked for his papers. Writers Bertolt Brecht, Thomas Mann, Stefan Zweig, and others went into exile. Start your Independent Premium subscription today. Of all the Nazi leaders Hess seemed the most devoted to his chief. He was doing what he could to save these wonderful and important maligned pictures, which would otherwise have been burned by the SS. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Two exhibitions in Germany are displaying works from the collection of Hildebrand Gurlitt, a man with Jewish heritagewho wheeled and dealed for the Third Reich when they confiscated 'degenerate art' from museums and Jewish collectors, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile.
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