Detective John Sorenson, Dade County Morals & Juvenile Squad (Archival):There may be some in this auditorium. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." And so Howard said, "We've got police press passes upstairs." You needed a license even to be a beautician and that could be either denied or taken away from you. Danny Garvin:With Waverly Street coming in there, West Fourth coming in there, Seventh Avenue coming in there, Christopher Street coming in there, there was no way to contain us. Almost anything you could name. It premiered at the 1984 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United States on June 27, 1985. Martin Boyce:There were these two black, like, banjee guys, and they were saying, "What's goin' on man?" It said the most dreadful things, it said nothing about being a person. [7] In 1987, the film won Emmy Awards for Best Historical/Cultural Program and Best Research. Fred Sargeant:Three articles of clothing had to be of your gender or you would be in violation of that law. And that crowd between Howard Johnson's and Mama's Chik-n-Rib was like the basic crowd of the gay community at that time in the Village. The Mafia owned the jukeboxes, they owned the cigarette machines and most of the liquor was off a truck hijacking. Director . This book, and the related documentary film, use oral histories to present students with a varied view of lesbian and gay experience. The overwhelming number of medical authorities said that homosexuality was a mental defect, maybe even a form of psychopathy. If you would like to read more on the topic, here's a list: Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and NPR One. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:What they did in the Stonewall that night. But, that's when we knew, we were ourselves for the first time. The only faces you will see are those of the arresting officers. And I hadn't had enough sleep, so I was in a somewhat feverish state, and I thought, "We have to do something, we have to do something," and I thought, "We have to have a protest march of our own." Martin Boyce:For me, there was no bar like the Stonewall, because the Stonewall was like the watering hole on the savannah. The Gay Revolution: The Story of the Struggle, Queer (In)Justice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States. And when she grabbed that everybody knew she couldn't do it alone so all the other queens, Congo Woman, queens like that started and they were hitting that door. Frank Kameny, co-founder of the Mattachine Society, and Shirley Willer, president of the Daughters of Bilitis, spoke to Marcus about being gay before the Stonewall riots happened and what motivated people who were involved in the movement. With this outpouring of courage and unity the gay liberation movement had begun. Mary Queen of the Scotch, Congo Woman, Captain Faggot, Miss Twiggy. We had no speakers planned for the rally in Central Park, where we had hoped to get to. Danny Garvin:He's a faggot, he's a sissy, queer. Gay bars were to gay people what churches were to blacks in the South. Somehow being gay was the most terrible thing you could possibly be. Greg Shea, Legal I mean does anyone know what that is? But that's only partially true. Because to be gay represented to me either very, super effeminate men or older men who hung out in the upper movie theatres on 42nd Street or in the subway T-rooms, who'd be masturbating. And then there were all these priests ranting in church about certain places not to go, so you kind of knew where you could go by what you were told not to do. We didn't necessarily know where we were going yet, you know, what organizations we were going to be or how things would go, but we became something I, as a person, could all of a sudden grab onto, that I couldn't grab onto when I'd go to a subway T-room as a kid, or a 42nd street movie theater, you know, or being picked up by some dirty old man. hide caption. Alfredo del Rio, Archival Still and Motion Images Courtesy of NBC News Archives We don't know. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Teddy Awards, the film was shown at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2016. That was our world, that block. In 1969 the police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village, leading to three nights of rioting by the city's LGBT community. On June 28, 1969, New York City police raided a Greenwich Village gay bar, the Stonewall Inn, setting off a three-day riot that launched the modern American gay rights movement. It was right in the center of where we all were. Narrator (Archival):This is a nation of laws. WPA Film Library, Thanks to Jerry Hoose:Gay people who had good jobs, who had everything in life to lose, were starting to join in. And that, that was a very haunting issue for me. It's not my cup of tea. They are taught that no man is born homosexual and many psychiatrists now believe that homosexuality begins to form in the first three years of life. It's like, this is not right. Glenn Fukushima William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The federal government would fire you, school boards would fire you. Samual Murkofsky Narrator (Archival):Note how Albert delicately pats his hair, and adjusts his collar. Former U.S. President Barack Obama shakes hands with gay rights activist Frank Kameny after signing a memorandum on federal benefits and non-discrimination in the Oval Office on June 17, 2009. Geordie, Liam and Theo Gude A sickness of the mind. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Our radio was cut off every time we got on the police radio. ", Martin Boyce:People in the neighborhood, the most unlikely people were starting to support it. And we had no right to such. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:The mob raised its hand and said "Oh, we'll volunteer," you know, "We'll set up some gay bars and serve over-priced, watered-down drinks to you guys." Geoff Kole Judy Laster Martha Shelley:We participated in demonstrations in Philadelphia at Independence Hall. Gay people were not powerful enough politically to prevent the clampdown and so you had a series of escalating skirmishes in 1969. Revealing and often humorous, this widely acclaimed film relives the emotionally-charged sparking of today's gay rights movement . Danny Garvin:Everybody would just freeze or clam up. First you gotta get past the door. Jay Fialkov Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. I grew up in a very Catholic household and the conflict of issues of redemption, of is it possible that if you are this thing called homosexual, is it possible to be redeemed? Louis Mandelbaum Narrated by Rita Mae Brownan acclaimed writer whose 1973 novel Rubyfruit Jungle is a seminal lesbian text, but who is possessed of a painfully grating voiceBefore Stonewall includes vintage news footage that makes it clear that gay men and women lived full, if often difficult, lives long before their personal ambitions (however modest) Dana Kirchoff You know. Clever. Liz Davis Available via license: Content may be subject to . We went, "Oh my God. He said, "Okay, let's go." It was a horror story. Somebody grabbed me by the leg and told me I wasn't going anywhere. Once it started, once that genie was out of the bottle, it was never going to go back in. Dick Leitsch:Very often, they would put the cops in dresses, with makeup and they usually weren't very convincing. Kanopy - Stream Classic Cinema, Indie Film and Top Documentaries . Danny Garvin:We became a people. We had been threatened bomb threats. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We were looking for secret exits and one of the policewomen was able to squirm through the window and they did find a way out. Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn has undergone several transformations in the decades since it was the focal point of a three-day riot in 1969. Martin Boyce:It was thrilling. And the harder she fought, the more the cops were beating her up and the madder the crowd got. Do you want them to lose all chance of a normal, happy, married life? And we all relaxed. Danny Garvin:Bam, bam and bash and then an opening and then whoa. New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. (c) 2011 So in every gay pride parade every year, Stonewall lives. When we got dressed for that night, we had cocktails and we put the makeup on. We didn't expect we'd ever get to Central Park. Revealing and. I didn't think I could have been any prettier than that night. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We only had about six people altogether from the police department knowing that you had a precinct right nearby that would send assistance. That never happened before. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:Those of us that were the street kids we didn't think much about the past or the future. Do you understand me?". Transcript Aired June 9, 2020 Stonewall Uprising The Year That Changed America Film Description When police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of. Eventually something was bound to blow. I could never let that happen and never did. Doric Wilson:And we were about 100, 120 people and there were people lining the sidewalks ahead of us to watch us go by, gay people, mainly. They pushed everybody like to the back room and slowly asking for IDs. And then they send them out in the street and of course they did make arrests, because you know, there's all these guys who cruise around looking for drag queens. So I attempted suicide by cutting my wrists. And I found them in the movie theatres, sitting there, next to them. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:They started busting cans of tear gas. Scott Kardel, Project Administration Abstract. I'm losing everything that I have. Martin Boyce:Oh, Miss New Orleans, she wouldn't be stopped. Alexandra Meryash Nikolchev, On-Line Editors And I think it's both the alienation, also the oppression that people suffered. Yvonne Ritter:"In drag," quote unquote, the downside was that you could get arrested, you could definitely get arrested if someone clocked you or someone spooked that you were not really what you appeared to be on the outside. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:A rather tough lesbian was busted in the bar and when she came out of the bar she was fighting the cops and trying to get away. Because its all right in the Village, but the minute we cross 14th street, if there's only ten of us, God knows what's going to happen to us.". Lynn and Louis Wolfson II Florida Moving Image Archives If that didn't work, they would do things like aversive conditioning, you know, show you pornography and then give you an electric shock. I was celebrating my birthday at the Stonewall. They were just holding us almost like in a hostage situation where you don't know what's going to happen next. Available on Prime Video, Tubi TV, iTunes. We knew it was a gay bar, we walked past it. W hen police raided a Greenwich Village gay bar, the Stonewall Inn, on June 28, 1969 50 years ago this month the harassment was routine for the time. It was a leaflet that attacked the relationship of the police and the Mafia and the bars that we needed to see ended. Trevor, Post Production Slate:The Homosexual(1967), CBS Reports. But as visibility increased, the reactions of people increased. Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community is a 1984 American documentary film about the LGBT community prior to the 1969 Stonewall riots. Slate:The Homosexuals(1967), CBS Reports. Leaflets in the 60s were like the internet, today. Jerry Hoose:I was afraid it was over. A year earlier, young gays, lesbians and transgender people clashed with police near a bar called The Stonewall Inn. David Huggins Never, never, never. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:So you're outside, and you see like two people walking toward these trucks and you think, "Oh I think I'll go in there," you go in there, there's like a lot of people in there and it's all dark. His movements are not characteristic of a real boy. Gay people were told we didn't have any of that. To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Stonewall riots in New York City, activists rode their motorcycles during the city's 1989 gay-pride parade. So I got into the subway, and on the car was somebody I recognized and he said, "I've never been so scared in my life," and I said, "Well, please let there be more than ten of us, just please let there be more than ten of us. Well, it was a nightmare for the lesbian or gay man who was arrested and caught up in this juggernaut, but it was also a nightmare for the lesbians or gay men who lived in the closet. Raymond Castro:I'd go in there and I would look and I would just cringe because, you know, people would start touching me, and "Hello, what are you doing there if you don't want to be touched?" Daily News Directors Greta Schiller Robert Rosenberg (co-director) Stars Rita Mae Brown Maua Adele Ajanaku Historic Films Yvonne Ritter:And then everybody started to throw pennies like, you know, this is what they were, they were nothing but copper, coppers, that's what they were worth. Gay bars were always on side streets out of the way in neighborhoods that nobody would go into. Homosexuality was a dishonorable discharge in those days, and you couldn't get a job afterwards. Other images in this film are Noah Goldman Alexis Charizopolis I met this guy and I broke down crying in his arms. Milestones in the American Gay Rights Movement. Virginia Apuzzo:It's very American to say, "This is not right." I had never seen anything like that. The New York Times / Redux Pictures The Underground Lounge The police weren't letting us dance. John O'Brien:Cops got hurt. Fred Sargeant:In the '60s, I met Craig Rodwell who was running the Oscar Wilde Bookshop. TV Host (Archival):Are those your own eyelashes? Producers Library There were gay bars in Midtown, there were gay bars uptown, there were certain kinds of gay bars on the Upper East Side, you know really, really, really buttoned-up straight gay bars. Andy Frielingsdorf, Reenactment Actors There may be some here today that will be homosexual in the future. Katrina Heilbroner Except for the few mob-owned bars that allowed some socializing, it was basically for verboten. Danny Garvin:Something snapped. The medical experimentation in Atascadero included administering, to gay people, a drug that simulated the experience of drowning; in other words, a pharmacological example of waterboarding. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:At the peak, as many as 500 people per year were arrested for the crime against nature, and between 3- and 5,000 people per year arrested for various solicitation or loitering crimes. They really were objecting to how they were being treated. But we couldn't hold out very long. Amber Hall Doric Wilson At least if you had press, maybe your head wouldn't get busted. That summer, New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in Greenwich Village. But after the uprising, polite requests for change turned into angry demands. Martin Boyce:I had cousins, ten years older than me, and they had a car sometimes. J. Michael Grey They were to us. Joe DeCola Virginia Apuzzo: I grew up with that. On June 27, 1969, police raided The Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York. Beginning of our night out started early. The severity of the punishment varies from state to state. They call them hotels, motels, lovers' lanes, drive-in movie theaters, etc. In 1969 the police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village, leading to three nights of rioting by the city's gay community. We knew that this was a moment that we didn't want to let slip past, because it was something that we could use to bring more of the groups together. You know, all of a sudden, I had brothers and sisters, you know, which I didn't have before. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:And then the next night. Eric Marcus, Writer:Before Stonewall, there was no such thing as coming out or being out. And a couple of 'em had pulled out their guns. I wanted to kill those cops for the anger I had in me. So anything that would set us off, we would go into action. You were alone. WGBH Educational Foundation All of this stuff was just erupting like a -- as far as they were considered, like a gigantic boil on the butt of America. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:At a certain point, it felt pretty dangerous to me but I noticed that the cop that seemed in charge, he said you know what, we have to go inside for safety. And the first gay power demonstration to my knowledge was against my story inThe Village Voiceon Wednesday. The events that took place in June 1969 have been described as the birth of the gay-rights movement, but that's only partially true. The New York State Liquor Authority refused to issue liquor licenses to many gay bars, and several popular establishments had licenses suspended or revoked for "indecent conduct.". The film combined personal interviews, snapshots and home movies, together with historical footage. They were getting more ferocious. And gay people were standing around outside and the mood on the street was, "They think that they could disperse us last night and keep us from doing what we want to do, being on the street saying I'm gay and I'm proud? Stonewall Forever is a documentary from NYC's LGBT Community Center directed by Ro Haber. You throw into that, that the Stonewall was raided the previous Tuesday night. Danny Garvin:There was more anger and more fight the second night. Hear more of the conversation and historical interviews at the audio link. And Vito and I walked the rest of the whole thing with tears running down our face. America thought we were these homosexual monsters and we were so innocent, and oddly enough, we were so American. Raymond Castro:Incendiary devices were being thrown in I don't think they were Molotov cocktails, but it was just fire being thrown in when the doors got open. And it's interesting to note how many youngsters we've been seeing in these films. The events. Because if they weren't there fast, I was worried that there was something going on that I didn't know about and they weren't gonna come. Robin Haueter Activists had been working for change long before Stonewall. Things were being thrown against the plywood, we piled things up to try to buttress it. But we went down to the trucks and there, people would have sex. Stonewall Uprising Program Transcript Slate: In 1969, homosexual acts were illegal in every state except Illinois. Read a July 6, 1969excerpt fromTheNew York Daily News. That wasn't ours, it was borrowed. And I knew that I was lesbian. But I had only stuck my head in once at the Stonewall. But as we were going up 6th Avenue, it kept growing. Getting then in the car, rocking them back and forth. Based on Is that conceivable? You see these cops, like six or eight cops in drag. Michael Dolan, Technical Advisors Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The police would zero in on us because sometimes they would be in plain clothes, and sometimes they would even entrap. June 21, 2019 1:29 PM EDT. Martin Boyce:It was another great step forward in the story of human rights, that's what it was. ITN Source Raymond Castro:There were mesh garbage cans being lit up on fire and being thrown at the police. Meanwhile, there was crowds forming outside the Stonewall, wanting to know what was going on. Prisoner (Archival):I realize that, but the thing is that for life I'll be wrecked by this record, see? Remember everything. Jimmy hadn't enjoyed himself so much in a long time. And she was quite crazy. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:There were complaints from people who objected to the wrongful behavior of some gays who would have sex on the street. Dr. Socarides (Archival):I think the whole idea of saying "the happy homosexual" is to, uh, to create a mythology about the nature of homosexuality. Narrator (Archival):This involves showing the gay man pictures of nude males and shocking him with a strong electric current. Raymond Castro:Society expected you to, you know, grow up, get married, have kids, which is what a lot of people did to satisfy their parents. Mike Nuget John van Hoesen Eric Marcus has spent years interviewing people who were there that night, as well as those who were pushing for gay rights before Stonewall. We'd say, "Here comes Lillian.". David Carter And the Stonewall was part of that system. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had been in some gay bars either for a story or gay friends would say, "Oh we're going to go in for a drink there, come on in, are you too uptight to go in?" Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Well, we did use the small hoses on the fire extinguishers. TV Host (Archival):Ladies and gentlemen, the reason for using first names only forthese very, very charming contestants is that right now each one of them is breaking the law. You know, Howard's concern was and my concern was that if all hell broke loose, they'd just start busting heads. My father said, "About time you fags rioted.". The mayor of New York City, the police commissioner, were under pressure to clean up the streets of any kind of quote unquote "weirdness." Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:All of a sudden, in the background I heard some police cars. Dick Leitsch:New York State Liquor Authority had a rule that one known homosexual at a licensed premise made the place disorderly, so nobody would set up a place where we could meet because they were afraid that the cops would come in to close it, and that's how the Mafia got into the gay bar business. The Laramie Project Cast at The Calhoun School And I ran into Howard Smith on the street,The Village Voicewas right there. Ed Koch, mayorof New York City from1978 to 1989, discussesgay civil rights in New York in the 1960s. So if any one of you, have let yourself become involved with an adult homosexual, or with another boy, and you're doing this on a regular basis, you better stop quick. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:It really should have been called Stonewall uprising. Barney Karpfinger How do you think that would affect him mentally, for the rest of their lives if they saw an act like that being? Raymond Castro:So then I got pushed back in, into the Stonewall by these plain clothes cops and they would not let me out, they didn't let anybody out. I entered the convent at 26, to pursue that question and I was convinced that I would either stay until I got an answer, or if I didn't get an answer just stay. That's more an uprising than a riot. And so there was this drag queen standing on the corner, so they go up and make a sexual offer and they'd get busted. The Stonewall riots, as they came to be known, marked a major turning point in the modern gay civil rights movement in the United States and around the world. Because that's what they were looking for, any excuse to try to bust the place. And they were having a meeting at town hall and there were 400 guys who showed up, and I think a couple of women, talking about these riots, 'cause everybody was really energized and upset and angry about it. I went in there and they took bats and just busted that place up. "Daybreak Express" by D.A. John O'Brien:The election was in November of 1969 and this was the summer of 1969, this was June. Genre: Documentary, History, Drama. Doric Wilson:When I was very young, one of the terms for gay people was twilight people, meaning that we never came out until twilight, 'til it got dark. This was the first time I could actually sense, not only see them fearful, I could sense them fearful. For the first time, we weren't letting ourselves be carted off to jails, gay people were actually fighting back just the way people in the peace movement fought back. National Archives and Records Administration I mean you got a major incident going on down there and I didn't see any TV cameras at all. Not even us. Paul Bosche Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:All of straight America, in terms of the middle class, was recoiling in horror from what was happening all around them at that time, in that summer and the summer before. Ellinor Mitchell I mean I'm only 19 and this'll ruin me. Eric Marcus, Writer:The Mattachine Society was the first gay rights organization, and they literally met in a space with the blinds drawn. It's very American to say, "You promised equality, you promised freedom." Virginia Apuzzo:What we felt in isolation was a growing sense of outrage and fury particularly because we looked around and saw so many avenues of rebellion. Jerry Hoose:Who was gonna complain about a crackdown against gay people? We ought to know, we've arrested all of them. This, to a homosexual, is no choice at all. From left: "Before Stonewall" director Greta Schiller, executive producer John Scagliotti and co-director Robert Rosenberg in 1985. Susana Fernandes Because as the police moved back, we were conscious, all of us, of the area we were controlling and now we were in control of the area because we were surrounded the bar, we were moving in, they were moving back.
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