Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. In areas of lower latitudes, precipitation tends to be equally spread out all year round. To be classified as a temperate rainforest, there should be at least 55 (140 cm) of rainfall annually. Many animals escape the harsh conditions by migrating to warmer regions in winter. Broad-leaved rainforests are found in countries and regions as diverse as New Zealand, Tasmania, Bulgaria, Northwest U.S., Japan, and South America. The climates are typically humid for much of the year, usually appearing in the humid subtropical climate without summer being extremely hot and winter very mild, and in the humid continental climate zones to the south of tundra and the generally subarctic taiga. Pine and local species such as Araucaria. Each type of coniferous forest will look different depending on the environmental conditions and the types of conifer species involved. Lets look at some of the common animals that inhabit the forest biome. They are similar in shape and height and often form a nearly uniform stand with a layer of low shrubs or herbs beneath. The northern Eurasian coniferous forest is called the taiga or the boreal forest. Deciduous forests are prevalent in countries in North America, Central and Western Europe, and East Asia. Many of these areas also get monsoons during the wet season. They live in all forest types, lowland, and mountainous deserts, and in open areas with little vegetation. Hydropower development may be viewed as beneficial since it harnesses the power of moving water to generate electricity. The animal population in coniferous rainforest biomes is seed-eating jays and squirrels, plus huge animals that feed on twigs, leaves or high-growing vegetation like snowshoe hare, deer, elk, and moose. Vegetation data were collected from 48 forest sites . It s position can also be referred on boundary of two ecological zones i.e. Because they are in the mid latitudes of the Earth not too far south or north they have a mild climate. Moist Temperate Coniferous Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Temperate coniferous forests are found in areas with temperate weather: plenty of rainfall, cool winters, . Her work has been featured in "Kaplan AP Biology" and "The Internet for Cellular and Molecular Biologists.". ), maples (Acer spp. There are a number of animals that are unique to cloud forest habitats. This type of adaptation comes in handy for both predators and prey. Climate: Temperatures in tropical rainforests remain between . bougainvillea blossom Temperate Cultivated 250 bright red cranberry Cold Damp Coniferous Forest, Deciduous Forest 400 bright red teaberry Temperate Because of this, mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) is found growing with Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in the higher altitudes. About Us, Types, Importance and Examples of Food Chain, FreshWater Biome: Climate, Precipitation, Plants, Animals and Types of Freshwater Biomes, The Four Main Spheres of Earth: Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere and Atmosphere, 15 Examples of Potential Energy in Daily Life, Does Granite Conduct Electricity? Temperatures can range between -22F and 86F (-30C to 30C). These forests contain deciduous trees that are mostly semi-evergreen. The Mediterranean climate is suitable for olive trees to thrive. Macaws feed on a variety of seeds, nuts, leaves, and other plant material. ), and spruces (Picea spp.). Tropical Moist Forest . They live in coniferous and deciduous forests and feed on rodents, birds, insects, and fruits. The light-coloured, usually acidic soils of coniferous forests are called podzols (podsols) and have a compacted humus layer, known as mor, which contains many fungi. Temperate rain forests receive more than 100 inches of rain every year. Elephant Ear Plants: Types, Flowers, Leaves, and Care (With Pictures), Grubs In Lawn: How to Get Rid of Grubs in the Garden (With Pictures), What is Perlite: Learn About Perlite Potting Soil and How To Use It To Grow Plants, The Best Liquid Lawn Fertilizers (Professional Review and Guide), Types of Forests (Forest Biome): Temperate, Tropical, Boreal, and More, Types of Trees with Name and Picture for Easy Identification. Forests provide shelter from the elements, protection from predators, and plenty of food. The Sierras are oriented in a north-south direction, perpendicular to the prevailing westerly winds, and thus show distinct patterns of orographic precipitation. Temperature: -40C to 20C, average summer temperature is 10C. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). During winter months, precipitation falls as snow, while in the summer, it falls as rain. Download issues for free. This means that there aren't a lot of shrubs, grasses, or flowers growing underneath the conifers. Click to enlarge. Temperate forest animals have many different ways to deal with the cold and lack of food in winter. Location. Some preys have developed interesting adaptations such as changing of colors. Some of the more common conifers are spruces, pines, and firs. Other land biomes of the world include: Temperate forests cover most of the U.S. and Europe and occupy a large portion of Asia. Precipitation in coniferous forests varies from 300 to 900 mm annually, with some temperate coniferous forests receiving up to 2,000 mm/ year (79 in/year). It is a coniferous forest ecoregion of the Atlantic Forest biome. Canada, Europe, Asia, and the United States, Coniferous forest regions have cold, long, snowy winters, and warm, humid summers; well-defined seasons, at least four to six frost-free months, Monthly Temperature and Precipitation from 1970 - 2000. Moist conifer and evergreen broad-leaved forests: These forests have mild wet winters and dry summers. The changing climate has already impacted temperate forests in a variety of ways. Tree density recorded in the coniferous forests are higher than the value (90/ha in 180 stands of 30 m 30 m each) reported in western moist temperate forests of Kashmir Himalaya, Pakistan by Shaheen et al (2012) and lower than the values (540/ha) reported from Nainital, Indian Himalayas by Saxena and Singh (1982), in moist temperate forests . As the glaciers retreated, they literally paved the way for modern boreal forests. Coniferous forests thrive around coastal regions that enjoy mild winters and a lot of rainfall. In 2070, however, habitat suitability was predicted to decrease in tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and increase in tropical and . These small, dense plants often resemble green carpets of vegetation. Deciduous tree species like willow, oak, alder and birch sporadically occur in a specifically wet and troubled area. American coniferous forest is the moist temperate coniferous forest, or coast forest, which is found along the west coast of North America eastward to the Rocky Mountains. Within the 3 major forest zones, there are also many subcategories. There is also a major change in species in some of the higher zones due to a wind corridor through the Cascades. 4. The montane forest ranges from 2000-6000 feet in the southern Cascades and from 5000-8000 feet in the southern Sierras. For example, in a coniferous forest, when a tick lives on a deer, the tick harms the deer by sucking its blood, and sometimes causing disease. Updates? Biomes are typically defined by physical rather than biological factors, for example, relief, climate, vegetation, geology, and soils. Boreal forest (taiga) can be found in cold parts of the world and include cold hardy trees. Central China loess plateau mixed forests, Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests, West Siberian broadleaf and mixed forests, San FlixSan Ambrosio Islands temperate forests, Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub, "Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest Ecoregions", World Wildlife FundWWF Biomes: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, Bioimages.vanderbilt.edu: Index of North American Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests ecoregions, Terraformers Canadian Forest Conservation Foundation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests&oldid=1131544781, Articles with imported Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) are native to the cloud forests of a small area in central Africa. Rain forests grow a startling variety of fungi on trees . In coniferous forest. However, it has contributed immensely to the damage of many coniferous rainforest biomes by diverting stream habitats, water flow patterns and flooding wide areas, not to mention, interfering with the beautiful scenic landscapes. Moist Temperate Coniferous Forests (Blue pine or Kail zone) and the . They also prefer steep . How many land biomes are there in the world? In temperate forests, common birds include screech owls, great horned owls, hummingbirds, woodpeckers, nuthatches, wood thrushes, American redstarts, hawks, blue jays . Species of animals that inhabit coniferous tropical forests include bobcats, pine martens, wolves, cougars, elephants, and monkeys. As their name suggests, these forests are under perpetual cloud cover, giving the forest a damp, eerie appearance. Both coniferous and broad-leaved species are present. 2 3 4, Lodgepole pine, a prolific seeder with serotinous cones, and quaking aspen, a prolific seeder and sprouter, are particularly well-adapted to fire, and are among the first to successfully invade a burn, almost regardless of altitude or latitude. The Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests are predominantly found in North and Central America. Conifers are needle- or scale- shaped evergreen trees of the woody type and, as their name suggests, their reproductive structures are arranged in the form of cones. The average winter temperature is -40C to 20C, while the average summer temperature is 10C. Given the climate needs, deciduous forests are typically found in the Northern Hemisphere. This is because they get enough rainfall during the year to prevent leaf shedding. Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests occur in warm climates, usually in the range of 68-77 . Some native communities still live in this biome. Subtropical forests have to endure rainy seasons and then periods of dry months. Answer (1 of 2): Tropical Rainforest Location: The tropical rainforests contain the greatest diversity of species of all biomes on earth. There are six primary species in this zone, occurring either in pure stands or in various combinations. These conditions create a unique forest environment where species of hardy trees thrive. The ponds and bogs in the coniferous rainforest biome offer a vital summertime breeding ground for a variety of insects. To the north of the redwoods in Oregon and southern Washington, where the soil is well drained and Aspen is also common in areas of major soil disturbances, such as ravines swept by avalanches. of the moist temperate forests of Pakistan. These are a few of the most prominent animals found in coniferous forests around the world. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2c2f0c3c62691f Figure 17.24: Deciduous trees are the dominant plant in the temperate forest. Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions. Lodgepole pine, a prolific seeder with serotinous cones, and quaking aspen, a prolific seeder and sprouter, are particularly well-adapted to fire, and are among the first to successfully invade a burn, almost regardless of altitude or latitude. However, many varieties of berries such as cranberries, cloudberries, bilberries, and lingonberries grow in abundance. Other areas, such as central eastern North America, have a fairly even distribution of rainfall; annual rainfall is typically over 600mm (24in) and often over 1,500mm (59in), though it can go as low as 300mm (12in) in some parts of the Middle East and close to 6,000mm (240in) in the mountains of New Zealand and the Azores. Precipitation is significantly high in coniferous forest biomes. These forests contain mostly pine trees (Pinus) and conifers that have adapted to warm humid climates. Coniferous forests thrive in tropical and subtropical climates (areas with tropical latitudes). In many Western countries, deciduous forest biome includes deer, rabbits, rodents, squirrels, and raccoons. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/coniferous-forest, NASA - Earth Observatory - Coniferous Forest. Plant Diversity in the Hot-Dry Valleys in SW China. Taiga, Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest, Temperate coniferous forest, Tropical moist forests, Tropical dry forest, Tropical . Stands are situated on moist river flats and in sheltered valleys, where evapotranspirational losses are minimized. This makes the area climate more humid. However, Mediterranean forests can also include oaks, pine trees, and Nothofagus (southern beech) trees. Temperate forests receive an average of 30 to 59 inches of rain per year. Plants and Forests that Have Survived the Ice Ages in East Asia. 3. The current study was designed to investigate the spatial distribution, population structure, associated flora, and sustainability of Abies pindrow in the temperate forests of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. It is), Is Galvanized Steel Magnetic? B. Himalayan Moist Temperate . The tropical rainforest biome is important because it provides habitat for a large number of animal species. Their soil stores 60% of the world's soil organic carbon. The boreal forest, also known as taiga or coniferous forest, is found roughly between 50 o and 60 o north latitude across most of Canada, Alaska, Russia, and northern Europe (Figure 17.18). To the Editor Between September 2019 and early January 2020, around 5.8 million hectares of mainly temperate broadleaf forest were burned in New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria (VIC) in eastern . Temperate forest land biomes change with the seasonsthey lose their leaves in the fall but appear lush and green in the summer. This is a vital adaptation to a harsh environment because regrowing leaves require loads of energy. . Being on the western slopes of the Andes, such forests are blanketed by moist Oceanic winds that are lifted up by the . This is not to mention the thousands of insects that inhabit deciduous forests around the world. 5. The thick bark, which affords protection against insects, pathogens, and fire, is thought to contribute to the great longevity (1,000-2,000 years) of individuals. Other tropical countries that have coniferous forests include the Philippines, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Nicaragua, and Belize. Trees that produce cones and needles called, Coniferous-evergreen trees. Some needles remain on the trees all year long. Temperate forests are one of many biomes. Wolves (Canis lupus) are common predators in boreal and temperate forest biomes. Humans can take steps to help conserve coniferous rainforest biomes by getting to know more about this biome and using paper prudently. The average temperature in winter ranges from -40C (-40F) to 20C (68F). One of the characteristics of trees in Mediterranean woodlands is their small, thick, dark leaves. Just like a dark shirt absorbs heat in a sunny day, the dark needles assist the trees to absorb vast quantities of the suns heat necessary for photosynthesis. The North Pacific Temperate . ), or birches (Betula spp.). This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. They are referred to as montane and subalpine forests and are conquered by a mix of spruce, pine, and fir. Coniferous forest biome includes animals such as moose, bears, foxes, deer, wolves, and eagles. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Precipitation varies from 50 inches per year in the southern portion of the biome, where relatively dry summers prevail, to 200 inches on the mountain slopes of Washington and southern British Columbia. The northern Eurasian coniferous forest is named the taiga or the boreal forest. Distribution: In the eastern Himalayas, evergreen wet temperate forests occur between . In fact, it is estimated that there are over 300 species of deciduous trees in tropical rain forests. Montane forests are found in mountainous regions in the tropics. For instance, the ermine takes up a dark brown color in the summer, but transforms to white during winter to accord it remarkable camouflage. A great gray owl. Himalayan dry temperate forests: These are open evergreen forest with open scrub undergrowth. [Coniferous trees are tall, straight with narrow needle like leaves. Corrections? Temperate coniferous forests are found predominantly in areas with warm summers and cool winters, and vary in their kinds of plant life. But the climate conditions are so similar to temperate coniferous, forests can be mixed with both types of trees. Temperate Rainforest Biome: Climate, Precipitation, Location, Seasons, Plants and Animals, Deciduous Forest Biome: Temperature, Climate, Location, Plants, Animals, Copyright 2022 Earth Eclipse . The temperate forest biome is one of the world's major habitats. These dense woodlands can include evergreen conifers, broad-leafed deciduous trees, or a mixture of these tree types. This tree in California, called the General Sherman tree, is the largest known singular tree in the world (by volume). moist and moderately warm; can range significantly The giant California redwoods exist in the ______ rainforest where temperatures are mild and rainfall can reach 100 inches/year. Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests Climatic Conditions. Other subdivisions of coniferous rainforest are located at different elevations, specifically, in Central America, in the rocky mountains of and in eastern Asia. Because of its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the climate is mild and without temperature extremes. Characteristics of Temperate Grassland Biomes, Tundra Land Biome Description and Characteristics, Types of Forests: Definitions, Examples, and Importance, Life in the Tundra: The Coldest Biome on Earth, Savanna Biome: Climate, Locations, and Wildlife, 15 Unique Plants That Flourish in the Tundra Biome, Freshwater Biome: Types, Plants, and Wildlife. Tropical rainforests are found in South America, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia. Boreal forests are also found above a . Most of the logging occurs through clear-cutting, which is utilizing high powered equipment to get rid of most of the surrounding forest trees. In the south it mixes with sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), incense cedar (Libocedrus docurrens), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). They are found around the equator, between 23.5 degrees N latitude and 23.5 degrees S latitude. Some authors identify the coniferous forests of the Atlantic coast of eastern Canada from Nova Scotia to southern Labrador, on Newfoundland, and in the mountains of eastern Quebec as temperate and boreal rainforest. Only the cold-hardiest evergreen conifers can survive the freezing temperatures in this unforgiving climate. They are known as subalpine and montane forests and are dominated by combinations of pine, spruce, and fir. Also called reindeer in Europe, caribou (Rangifer tarandus) inhabit the taiga regions of Canada, Europe, and Russia. The temperature varies widely from season to season with cold winters and hot, wet summers. Cloud forests are also called montane rainforests and are a forest biome found in mountainous tropical areas. Birds include woodpeckers, crossbills, warblers, kinglets, nuthatches, waxwings, grouse, hawks, and owls. Some say there are as few as four and as many as 11 land biomes on the planet. As the name suggests, rain is a common feature of these forest types with around 80 (200 cm) of rainfall annually. The Mediterranean climate is perfect for trees such as olive trees and eucalyptus trees to thrive. The temperate cool rainforests occur poleward of the Mediterranean region, 40- 60 N and S latitude, along the western coast of continents under the influence of the westerlies (roaring forties, furious fifties, screaming sixties; latter doesn't hit the southern continents) . This moist forest climate is also home to a wide range of trees, plants, and many types of animals. Temperate forests are generally found in North America, Europe, and East Asia. Temperate rainforests are coniferous or broadleaf forests that occur in the temperate zone and receive heavy rainfall. The biome of deciduous forests is such that they dont have a dense canopy. Environmental factors . Temperate Coniferous Forests: this biome has warm summers and cool winters with a wide variety of plant life including either needleleaf or broadleaf evergreen trees. Temperate forests are home to a diverse wildlife biosystem including various insects and spiders, wolves, foxes, bears, coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, eagles, rabbits, deer, skunks, squirrels, raccoons, squirrels, moose, snakes, and hummingbirds. d) Tropical rain forest. This subtype is sometimes called temperate rain forest (see temperate forest), although this term is properly applied only to broad-leaved evergreen forests of the Southern Hemisphere. Many kinds of biomes exist on planet earth including Aquatic biomes (freshwater, marine, estuaries, corals, freshwater wetlands) and terrestrial biomes (rainforest, tundra, savanna, alpine, desert, chaparral, temperate forest, deciduous, coniferous). Climate - The temperate deciduous forests receive the second-highest rainfall, and the air is moist almost all year long. Rain Forest Plants. A dry season occurs in the winter in East Asia and in summer on the wet fringe of the Mediterranean climate zones. Edited by Deanna H. Olson and Beatrice Van Horne. Deciduous trees, like the one the red oak leaf (left) came from, lose their leaves each winter. ISBN: 9781610917667. Forests in temperate regions generally get between 30 and 60 (750 1,500 mm) of rainfall annually. Temperate forests have a wide range of temperatures that correlate with the distinctive seasons. These can include colorful toads, frogs, and newts, as well as, tortoises, snakes, lizards, and crocodiles. Siberia, Alaska) Tropical Moist Broadleaf (eg. Coniferous trees keep their needles (right) all winter. These can include types of orchids, shrubs, and unique plants such as insect-eating plants. pure stands of the subclimax species. Boreal forests are considered as the world's second-largest forest biome with an area of 12.2 million km2 (27% of world forest in 2020). Coniferous forests consist mostly of conifers, which are trees that grow needles instead of leaves and cones instead of flowers. On the Olympic Peninsula, where it reaches its maximum development Coniferous temperate evergreen forests are most frequently dominated by species in the families. Some locations of temperate forests include: Due to abundant rainfall and thick soil humus, temperate forests are able to support a wide variety of plant life and vegetation. Some of the largest and richest coniferous forests in tropical and subtropical regions are found in Mexico and North America. Pine forests support an herbaceous ground layer that may be dominated by grasses and forbs that lend themselves to ecologically important wildfires. The moist temperate coniferous forest of the Pacific Northwest includes the area from the coastal ranges of northern California (below 5000 ft. elevation) to the southern coast of Alaska (below 2000 ft.). The climate conditions in temperate deciduous forests are __, whereas they __ in temperate coniferous forests. Regina Bailey is a science writer, educator, and board-certified registered nurse. Corrections? These forests are usually adapted to great climatic variations . . The needles are dark colored, which is also a plus for the conifers. Coniferous tropical forests are found mainly in North and Central America. Because of its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the climate is mild and without temperature extremes. Also, many large vertebrates that exist in coniferous rainforests are repelled by human presence, pollution, and alteration of habitat. The sandy and gravelly soils along rivers and streams of this biome are frequently lined with narrow groves of red alder (Alnus rubra), black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum). - The coniferous forest is the largest biome ashore. Deciduous forests in some countries are home to exotic animals such as leopards, pandas, tigers, and monkeys. White fir is the dominant species at the higher altitudes in the zone where winters are long and snows are heavy; it is seldom found in pure stands. Most of the other organisms in the forest depend on the tree's ability to turn the sun's energy into sugars using . There are thought to be only 800 of these large primates in the wild. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Using the high emissions SSP5-8.5 scenario, habitat suitability in tropical and subtropical coniferous forests and temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands was predicted to be constant in 2050. Other examples of temperate forest vegetation include: Mosses are nonvascular plants that play an important ecological role in the biomes they inhabit. [1], Forest communities dominated by huge trees (e.g., giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron gigantea; redwood, Sequoia sempervirens), unusual ecological phenomena, occur in western North America, southwestern South America, as well as in the Australasian region in such areas as southeastern Australia and northern New Zealand. By contrast, data from certain temperate coniferous forests yield higher biomass and necromass estimates and detritus to biomass ratios than found in this study. These exotic birds make for noisy pet birds and are native to tropical rainforests. Aspen is also common in areas of major soil disturbances . These are the largest of the canine family and they adapt well to surviving in freezing temperatures. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Tropical rainforests are characterized by tall trees growing up to 115 ft. (35 m) that form a dense canopy (overstory). Of all the terrestrial biomes, coniferous biome is the largest in the world. The himalayan moist temperate forests include 150 to 250 cm of annual rainfall. Species of trees. The extensive development of coniferous trees characterize the himalayan moist temperate forests. Another type, temperate coniferous forests, grows in lower latitudes of North America, Europe, and Asia, in the high elevations of mountains. Many species of trees inhabit these forests including pine, cedar, fir, and redwood. (No. The understory also contains a wide variety of herbaceous and shrub species. [1], The Klamath-Siskiyou ecoregion of western North America harbors diverse and unusual assemblages and displays notable endemism for a number of plant and animal taxa. Mixed Temperate Coniferous forests, also known as the western mixed coniferous forests, are an attractive forest typical of the moister regions of the western Himalaya, having a mixture of temperate zone conifers like the deodar, blue pine, fir and spruce. The forest biome is one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems on our planet. A biome is a large ecological area on the face of the earth consisting of plants and animals that have adapted to the environment. Also called grizzly gears, these inquisitive animals will try and eat just about anything they come across. Birds of the taiga include eagles, buzzards, grouse, and ravens. Vegetation data were collected from 48 forest sites . The biome of mixed broadleaf and coniferous trees of the temperate climates. Glaciers, Lakes, and Bogs Brown bears (Ursus arctos) are found in the boreal forests and temperate forests of North America and some parts of Eurasia. Weather Report. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. For instance, in northern coniferous forests, winters tend to be lengthy, cold and relatively dry, whereas the short summers tend to be moderately warm and moist. They thrive in moist areas and help to prevent soil erosion and also serve as a source of insulation during colder months. These are predominantly coniferous forests with xerophytic shrubs in which Deodar, oak, ash, maple, olive, are main trees; Coniferous forest is a kind of biome situated in temperate regions of the globe that experience warm summers and cools winters, plus sufficient rainfall to enable the forest to thrive. Other animals store food and burrow underground to escape the cold. Western hemlock , western redcedar, and grand fir are found in the Douglas-fir zone. Flight Center. b) Montane subtropical forest. Mosses, liverworts, and lichens cover the forest floor. Temperate forests are characterized as regions with high levels of precipitation, humidity, and a variety of deciduous trees Decreasing temperatures and shortened daylight hours in fall mean decreased photosynthesis for plants. The climate of the boreal or taiga forest is described as subarctic. moist temperate coniferous forests of Pinus wallichiana, Cedrus deodara, Abies pindrow, and Picea smithiana are prevalent, interspersed with deciduous trees of the genera Acer Prunus, Juglans, Aesculus, and others. Tropical rainforests are located near the equator and have a temperature that varies from 20 to 30 C (68 to 86 F) during the year. In contrast, the moist conditions found in temperate rain forests favor the dominance by ferns and some forbs.