The debate was on. Who doesn't? . . Webster's description of the U.S. government as "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people," was later paraphrased by Abraham Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address in the words "government of the people, by the people, for the people." Noah grew a vineyard, got drunk on wine and lay naked. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. . Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. . To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 26 and 27, 1830. But his standpoint was purely local and sectional. It was a speech delivered before a crowded auditory, and loud were the Southern exultations that he was more than a match for Webster. Thirty years before the Civil War broke out, disunion appeared to be on the horizon with the Nullification Crisis. . Rachel Venter is a recent graduate of Metropolitan State University of Denver. It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. [O]pinions were expressed yesterday on the general subject of the public lands, and on some other subjects, by the gentleman from South Carolina [Senator Robert Hayne], so widely different from my own, that I am not willing to let the occasion pass without some reply. Robert Young Hayne | American politician | Britannica Winners and Losers History's Famous Debates - Medium Though Webster made an impassioned argument, the political, social, and economic traditions of New England informed his ideas about the threatened nation. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. . . Daniel Webster - Facts, Career & Legacy - HISTORY . Sir, the opinion which the honorable gentleman maintains, is a notion, founded in a total misapprehension, in my judgment, of the origin of this government, and of the foundation on which it stands. Hayne began the debate by speaking out against a proposal by the northern states which suggested that the federal government should stop its surveyance of land west of the Mississippi and shift its focus to selling the land it had already surveyed. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. By establishing justice, promoting domestic tranquility, and securing the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. This is the true reading of the Constitution. That led into a debate on the economy, in which Webster attacked the institution of slavery and Hayne labeled the policy of protectionist tariffs as the consolidation of a strong central government, which he called the greatest of evils. But his calm, unperturbed manner reassured them in an instant. . Expert Answers. The other way was through the sale of federally-owned land to private citizens. Address before the Wisconsin State Agricultural So "The Whole Affair Seems the Work of a Madman", John Brown and the Principle of Nonresistance. I am opposed, therefore, in any shape, to all unnecessary extension of the powers, or the influence of the Legislature or Executive of the Union over the states, or the people of the states; and, most of all, I am opposed to those partial distributions of favors, whether by legislation or appropriation, which has a direct and powerful tendency to spread corruption through the land; to create an abject spirit of dependence; to sow the seeds of dissolution; to produce jealousy among the different portions of the Union, and finally to sap the very foundations of the government itself. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. During the course of the debates, the senators touched on pressing political issues of the daythe tariff, Western lands, internal improvementsbecause behind these and others were two very different understandings of the origin and nature of the American Union. . The theory that the states' may vote against unfair laws. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts while he exonerates me personally from the charge, intimates that there is a party in the country who are looking to disunion. Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. . . These irreconcilable views of national supremacy and state sovereignty framed the constitutional struggle that led to Civil War thirty years later. It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. The people had had quite enough of that kind of government, under the Confederacy. The Webster-Hayne Debates | Teaching American History we find the most opposite and irreconcilable opinions between the two parties which I have before described. . If the federal government, in all or any of its departments, are to prescribe the limits of its own authority; and the states are bound to submit to the decision, and are not to be allowed to examine and decide for themselves, when the barriers of the Constitution shall be overleaped, this is practically a government without limitation of powers; the states are at once reduced to mere petty corporations, and the people are entirely at your mercy. [Its leader] would have a knot before him, which he could not untie. Sir, I have had some opportunities of making comparisons between the condition of the free Negroes of the North and the slaves of the South, and the comparison has left not only an indelible impression of the superior advantages of the latter, but has gone far to reconcile me to slavery itself. . I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional. I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. Webster was eloquent, he was educated, he was witty, and he was a staunch defender of American liberty. Are we in that condition still? . The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts [Senator Daniel Webster] has gone out of his way to pass a high eulogium on the state of Ohio. Hayne quotes from Thomas Jefferson to William Branch Giles, December 26, 1825, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-william-branch-giles/?_sft_document_author=thomas-jefferson. . Webster's speech aroused the latent spirit of patriotism. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. In fact, Webster's definition of the Constitution as for the People, by the People, and answerable to the People would go on to form one of the most enduring ideas about American democracy. . I distrust, therefore, sir, the policy of creating a great permanent national treasury, whether to be derived from public lands or from any other source. I would strengthen the ties that hold us together. Before his term as a U.S. senator, Hayne had served as a state senator, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, South Carolina's Speaker of the House, and Attorney General of South Carolina. We, sir, who oppose the Carolina doctrine, do not deny that the people may, if they choose, throw off any government, when it becomes oppressive and intolerable, and erect a better in its stead. . 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There was no clear winner of the debate, but the Union's victory over the Confederacy just a few decades later brought Webster's ideas to fruition. Well, it's important to remember that the nation was still young and much different than what we think of today. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the American federal union occurred in the United States Senate between Senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina. . The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American The 1830 Webster-Hayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. The Webster Hayne Debate. MTEL Speech: Public Discourse & Debate in the U.S. Let us look at the historical facts. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. I feel like its a lifeline. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. Well, you're not alone. . . Differences between Northern and Southern ideas of good governance, which eventually led to the American Civil War, were beginning to emerge. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Why? The gentleman takes alarm at the sound. Representatives of the northern states were concerned by the rapid growth of the nation; just 27 years earlier, the Louisiana Purchase had nearly doubled the size of the nation, and the newly elected President Andrew Jackson was hungry for more territory. . Consolidation!that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusionconsolidation! He describes fully that old state of things then existing. . Webster-Hayne Debate - U-S-History He was dressed with scrupulous care, in a blue coat with metal buttons, a buff vest rounding over his full abdomen, and his neck encircled with a white cravat. The Webster-Hayne Debate | Hopkins Press First, New England was vindicated. I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. . Hayne, Robert Young | South Carolina Encyclopedia He remained a Southern Unionist through his long public career and a good type of the growing class of statesman devoted to slave interests who loved the Union as it was and doted upon its compromises. To them, this was a scheme to give the federal government more control over the cost of land by creating a scarcity. . In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830.Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. What can I say? The gentleman, therefore, only follows out his own principles; he does no more than arrive at the natural conclusions of his own doctrines; he only announces the true results of that creed, which he has adopted himself, and would persuade others to adopt, when he thus declares that South Carolina has no interest in a public work in Ohio. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 25, 1830. . I must now beg to ask, sir, whence is this supposed right of the states derived?where do they find the power to interfere with the laws of the Union? I understand the honorable gentleman from South Carolina to maintain, that it is a right of the state legislatures to interfere, whenever, in their judgment, this government transcends its constitutional limits, and to arrest the operation of its laws. . No hanging over the abyss of disunion, no weighing of the chances, no doubting as to what the Constitution was worth, no placing of liberty before Union, but "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." . a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. The specific issue that sparked the Webster-Hayne debate was a proposal by the state of Connecticut which said that the federal government should halt its surveying of land west of the Mississippi and focus on selling the land it had already surveyed to private citizens. . . . . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. And here it will be necessary to go back to the origin of the federal government. In this moment in American history, the federal government had relatively little power. And who are its enemies? Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. All rights reserved. Webster stood in favor of Connecticut's proposal that the federal government should stop surveying western land and sell the land it had already surveyed to boost it's revenue and strengthen it's authority. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. . The gentleman has made an eloquent appeal to our hearts in favor of union. The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. Consolidation, like the tariff, grates upon his ear. She has worked as a university writing consultant for over three years. In 1830, the federal government collected few taxes and had two primary sources of revenue. . . . I know, full well, that it is, and has been, the settled policy of some persons in the South, for years, to represent the people of the North as disposed to interfere with them, in their own exclusive and peculiar concerns. The heated speeches were unplanned and stemmed from the debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel A. . Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South . Hayne's First Speech (January 19, 1830) Webster's First Reply to Hayne (January 20, 1830) Hayne's Second Speech (January 21, 1830) Webster's Second Reply to Hayne (January 26-27, 1830) This page was last edited on 13 June 2021, at . Well, let's look at the various parts. Tariff of Abominations of 1828 | What was the Significance of the Tariff of Abominations? Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in The Webster-Hayne Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? Next, the Union was held up to view in all its strength, symmetry, and integrity, reposing in the ark of the Constitution, no longer an experiment, as in the days when Hamilton and Jefferson contended for shaping its course, but ordained and established by and for the people, to secure the blessings of liberty to all posterity. They will also better understand the debate's political context. Help if you can :) please and ty This is the true constitutional consolidation. His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 . But I do not understand the doctrine now contended for to be that which, for the sake of distinctness, we may call the right of revolution. The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. . The Commercial Greatness of the United States, Special Message to Congress (Tyler Doctrine), Estranged Labour and The Communist Manifesto, State of the Union Address Part II (1848). But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. . 1824 Presidential Election, Candidates & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1824? . For one, Hayne and Webster were arguing for the fate of the West and, in particular, whether the North or South would control western development. A state will be restrained by a sincere love of the Union. . . | 12 The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. Then he began his speech, his words flowing on so completely at command that a fellow senator who heard him likened his elocution to the steady flow of molten gold. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches delivered before the Senate in 1830. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). Webster-Hayne Debate book. We met it as a practical question of obligation and duty. What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? But, sir, we will pass over all this. Sir, there exists, moreover, a deep and settled conviction of the benefits, which result from a close connection of all the states, for purposes of mutual protection and defense. Excerpts from Ratification Documents of Virginia a Ratifying Conventions>New York Ratifying Convention. But, sir, the task has been forced upon me, and I proceed right onward to the performance of my duty; be the consequences what they may, the responsibility is with those who have imposed upon me this necessity. The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. Go to these cities now, and ask the question. This feeling, always carefully kept alive, and maintained at too intense a heat to admit discrimination or reflection, is a lever of great power in our political machine. But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. Nor those other words of delusion and folly,liberty first, and union afterwardsbut everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole Heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heartliberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable! Create your account. Their own power over their own instrument remains. I propose to consider it, and to compare it with the Constitution. Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. Strange was it, however, that in heaping reproaches upon the Hartford Convention he did not mark how nearly its leaders had mapped out the same line of opposition to the national Government that his State now proposed to take, both relying upon the arguments of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899. Ostend Manifesto of 1854 Overview & Purpose | What was the Ostend Manifesto? The Most Famous Senate Speech January 26, 1830 The debate began simply enough, centering on the seemingly prosaic subjects of tariff and public land policy. Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. The WebsterHayne debate was a debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 1927, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs. . It moves vast bodies, and gives to them one and the same direction. I said, only, that it was highly wise and useful in legislating for the northwestern country, while it was yet a wilderness, to prohibit the introduction of slaves: and added, that I presumed, in the neighboring state of Kentucky, there was no reflecting and intelligent gentleman, who would doubt, that if the same prohibition had been extended, at the same early period, over that commonwealth, her strength and population would, at this day, have been far greater than they are. Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . Foot calling for the temporary suspension of further land surveying until land already on the market was sold (to effectively stop the introduction of new lands onto the market). They tell us, in the letter submitting the Constitution to the consideration of the country, that, in all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true Americanthe consolidation of our Unionin which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety; perhaps our national existence. . Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. Sir, it is because South Carolina loves the Union, and would preserve it forever, that she is opposing now, while there is hope, those usurpations of the federal government, which, once established, will, sooner or later, tear this Union into fragments. webster hayne debate Flashcards | Quizlet We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. Beyond that I seek not to penetrate the veil. This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. Who Won the Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830? - Abbeville Institute The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. . Rather, the debate eloquently captured the ideas and ideals of Northern and Southern representatives of the time, highlighting and summarizing the major issues of governance of the era. To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. . Historians love a good debate. Help please? What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? The . We love to dwell on that union, and on the mutual happiness which it has so much promoted, and the common renown which it has so greatly contributed to acquire. It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. .Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. Webster's Reply to Hayne - National Park Service Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. . If I had, sir, the powers of a magician, and could, by a wave of my hand, convert this capital into gold for such a purpose, I would not do it. Having thus distinctly stated the points in dispute between the gentleman and myself, I proceed to examine them. He rose, the image of conscious mastery, after the dull preliminary business of the day was dispatched, and with a happy figurative allusion to the tossed mariner, as he called for a reading of the resolution from which the debate had so far drifted, lifted his audience at once to his level. T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called .